ABSTRACT
TEXT As a result of the increased recognition of the importance of semiotics and linguistics to so many disciplines in the later part of the twentieth century, the term ‘text’ has become widely used. It is a neutral way of acknowledging that different kinds of semiotic phenomena are connected by virtue of their sign-based character. This includes texts such as films, speeches, novels, short stories, advertisements, drama, paintings, virtual reality environments, instruction manuals, opera, historical writing, statuary, conversation, and so on.
