Comparisons and conclusions

This chapter summarizes, compares, and concludes.1 I begin with assessment of progress to income parity of`the five stigmatized, ranked, ethno-racial, low-status, involuntary minorities (SRELIM as defined in Chapter 2). There follows comparison of SRELIM “self-help” measures and of the policies and programs that their governments have used to bring them into the economic mainstream. I then apply the mobility model to interpret the mobility history of each of the five cases. The chapter concludes with general findings and a word on the role of governments in fostering the mobility of the five SRELIM.