ABSTRACT
Industrial wastes are generally considered as a major source of environmental problems in the world. Land disposal that is a partial solution for this problem causes secondary pollution problems and extra costs. For this reason, more efficient solutions such as alternative recovery options need to be investigated. In this respect, cement and concrete industry could be an important consumer of industrial by-products or solid wastes. Fly ash (FA), blast-furnace slag (BFS), and silica fume (SF) are currently used in cement and concrete industry. In Europe, every year, nearly 12 million tons of steel slags (SS) get generated. Today about 65% of the produced SS is used on qualified fields of application. But the remaining 35% of the slag are still dumped (Motz & Geiseler 2001). On the other hand, it is generally agreed that Portland cement clinker production is expensive and ecologically harmful. For this reason, various studies have investigated about usage of slags in cement production. However most of these studies concerns mostly one type of slag that is mainly GGBFS. Especially, a combination of
GGBFS and GSS as Portland clinker substitution has not yet been reported in the literature.
