ABSTRACT
Spatial thinking is an essential human ability that contributes to mathematical ability. It is a process that is distinct from verbal reasoning (Shepard & Cooper, 1982) and that functions in distinct areas of the brain (Newcombe & Huttenlocher, 2000; O'Keefe & Nadel, 1978). Further, mathematics achievement is related to spatial abilities (Ansari et al., 2003; Fennema & Sherman, 1977; Fennema & Sherman, 1978; Guay & McDaniel, 1977; Lean & M. A. Clements, 1981; Stewart, Leeson, & Wright, 1997; Wheatley, 1990).
