ABSTRACT
This chapter seeks to provide an overview of ways in which the relations of gender in rural households and communities may have affected the impact of liberalization, and how relations of gender and generation have been affected by changes in the rural economy brought about by liberalization. These include changes in the macroeconomic environment for agricultural production of both food and export crops; changes in the institutions that deliver agricultural inputs, organize markets and distribute outputs; the imposition of user fees in health and education; and attempts in some cases to promote new internal markets in national economic policy. The chapter takes a close look at the effects of liberalization on agriculture in different parts of the United Republic of Tanzania to draw out some important themes and processes which may apply to Africa more generally. Women face resource constraints in common with many poor men, but to different degrees, and sometimes by different processes.
