ABSTRACT
Microbiological and immunochemical procedures are designed for screening purposes, whereas physicochemical methods are used primarily for the isolation, separation, quantification, and confirmation of the presence of violative residues in samples. This requires that the sensitivity of the screening method and the determinative or confirmatory method be compatible. To reach this target, numerous physicochemical procedures based on almost any aspect of analytical principle have been developed. Although the chemical structure of a drug largely dictates the most suitable method for its determination, different procedures have been suggested for the same analyte because of the large number of possibilities that physicochemical procedures afford. Available methods within the groups of aminoglycosides and aminocyclitols, amphenicols, -lactam antibiotics, macrolides and lincosamides, nitrofuran antibacterials, quinolones, sulfonamides and diaminopyrimidine potentiators, tetracyclines, miscellaneous antibacterials, anthelminthic drugs, anticoccidial and other antiprotozoal drugs, antimicrobial growth promoters, anabolic hormonal-type growth promoters, -adrenergic agonists, dye drugs, sedatives and -blockers, corticosteroids, diuretic and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and thyreostatic drugs, are discussed below.
