ABSTRACT
Strategies for upgrading petroleum emphasize the difference in feedstock properties that, in turn, influences the choice of methods or combinations thereof for conversion to various products (Scheutze and Hofmann, 1984). Naturally, similar principles are applied to heavy oils and residua and the availability of processes that can be employed to convert heavy feedstocks to usable products has increased significantly in recent years (Chapter 8) (Cantrell, 1987; Speight, 1999).
