ABSTRACT
Atoms, groups of atoms, ions, molecules, macromolecules, and particles always are subject to forces between them. These interaction forces may cause chemical reactions to occur, i.e., cause the formation of other molecular species, but they are also responsible for the existence of condensed phases (solids and liquids), for adherence of a liquid to a solid surface, or for aggregation of particles in a liquid. In short, all structures form because of interaction forces. Generally, formation of a structure causes a decrease in entropy, and this may counteract the tendency of formation, depending on its magnitude compared to that of the energy involved.
