ABSTRACT
Carrie L. Donley, Darren Dunphy,* Rebecca A. P. Zangmeister, Kenneth W. Nebesny, and Neal R. Armstrong University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
I. INTRODUCTION
Transparent metal oxide thin films (indium-tin-oxide, ITO; and F-doped or Sb-doped SnO2) are of interest as the anode in several active display applications, e.g., organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and light-emitting polymer thin films [1-4]. They have also found widespread use as at least one of the electrodes in electrochromic displays [5], and as a convenient indicator electrode in the spectroelectrochemical characterization of various solution electrochemical reactions and the redox processes of conductive polymer films [6,7]. We have also recently shown that 25 to 50 nm ITO films can be used as a conductive overlayer on a step-index integrated optic waveguide (EA-IOW), providing the sensitivity to follow solution redox processes of about 1 % of a monolayer of a surface-confined redox active molecule or molecular assembly [8,9].
