ABSTRACT
Hydraulics is defined as the science of the conveyance of liquids through pipes. The pump is often used to raise water from a low level to a high level where it can be stored in a tank. Most of the theory applicable to hydraulic pumps has been derived using water as the working fluid, but other liquids can also be used. In this chapter, we will assume that liquids are totally incompressible unless otherwise specified. This means that the density of liquids will be considered constant no matter how much pressure is applied. Unless the change in pressure in a particular situation is very great, this assumption will not cause a significant error in calculations. Centrifugal and axial flow pumps are very common hydraulic pumps. Both work on the principle that the energy of the liquid is increased by imparting kinetic energy to it as it flows through the pump. This energy is supplied by the impeller, which is driven by an electric motor or some other drive. The centrifugal and axial flow pumps will be discussed separately in the following sections.
