ABSTRACT
The Reinforced Earth Company introduced commercial modular wall systems during the 1960s. Both the performance and economics of these reinforced walls made them popular. These walls consisted of large modular precast facing units connected to metallic strips at predetermined vertical and horizontal intervals to produce a coherent reinforced soil system that is both externally and internally stable. During the late 1970s, geosynthetic wall systems were introduced in secondary applications and, during the 1980s, in major applications. The success of the metal strip reinforced wall system resulted in a direct adaptation of its proven design method to geosynthetic walls.
