ABSTRACT
Since this book was first written over 30 years ago the pattern and importance of shipping has changed dramatically as has the strategy adopted by countries/governments and shipowners. Today it is a high profile international business and high tech in its management and operation. Moreover, it conveys some 99% of world trade in volume terms and is a major contributor to the creation and development of global wealth. It also exerts enormous power in trade and political terms. Furthermore, it is highly competitive. For example, there are over 20 operators providing regular liner services from Europe to North America.
