ABSTRACT
Events of the twentieth century make clear the importance of a person-centered, or external ethics of inquiry. Moral clarity has emerged in part because of the moral horrors, great and small, of the twentieth century. Thus, the norm demanding that human subjects give informed consent for all research performed on them has become widely accepted; the abuse of this norm by Nazi scientists, the Tuskegee experimenters, and others was too egregious to be ignored by members of the medical and scientifi c professions.
