ABSTRACT
There is an extensive literature on participation in environment and development that has made clear the range of issues one must consider when engaging in participatory development projects to achieve particular development and/or conservation goals. There is, however, less review and commentary on the work that participation does, or might do, relative to the discourse of development itself. That is, it is well known that participation alters and re-thinks methods of development implementation, but how is it constitutive of alternatives to standard forms of development and/or conservation? Beyond participation itself, what are its effects?
