ABSTRACT
Democracy’s victory in the 1990s, while a major development in world his-
tory, is only a partial victory. It represents the defeat of communism, fas-
cism, and other ideological anti-democratic forces, but democracy continues
to face enemies of a different nature: in particular, the deep ethnic-commu-
nal divisions within countries, often aggravated by great socioeconomic
inequalities, which pose a grave threat to the viability and consolidation of
democracy in the many newly democratic countries.
