ABSTRACT
This study of minorities involves the difficult issues of rights, justice, equality, dignity, identity, autonomy, political liberties, and cultural freedoms. The A-Z Encyclopedia presents the facts, arguments, and areas of contention in over 560 entries in a clear, objective manner.
For a full list of entries, contributors, and more, visit the Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities website.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
letter A|169 pages
A
entry |4 pages
Aborigines
entry |2 pages
Acehnese
entry |2 pages
Achebe, Chinua (Nigerian)
entry |3 pages
Adams, Gerry (Northern Ireland Catholic)
entry |1 pages
Adare
entry |2 pages
Afar
entry |2 pages
Affirmative Action
entry |2 pages
Afghanistan
entry |1 pages
Afghans
entry |7 pages
Africa: A Continent of Minorities?
entry |3 pages
African-American Nationalism and Separatism
entry |1 pages
Africans: Overview
entry |8 pages
Africans in Europe
entry |2 pages
Afrikaners
entry |1 pages
Afro-Arabs
entry |2 pages
Afro-Brazilians
entry |3 pages
Afro-Caribbeans
entry |3 pages
Afro-Cubans
entry |4 pages
Afro-Latin Americans
entry |4 pages
Afrocentricity
entry |2 pages
Aga Khan (Ismaili)
entry |2 pages
Ahmadiyas
entry |3 pages
Ainu
entry |1 pages
Alawis
entry |3 pages
Albania
entry |7 pages
Albanians
entry |2 pages
Alevis
entry |3 pages
Algeria
entry |1 pages
Ali, Muhammad (African-American)
entry |1 pages
Alsace-Lorraine
entry |2 pages
Alsatians
entry |2 pages
Altai (Altaians)
entry |4 pages
Ambedkar, Bhimrao Ramji (Dalit)
entry |3 pages
American Indian Movement
entry |3 pages
Americo-Liberians
entry |3 pages
Amerindians (North America)
entry |4 pages
Amerindians (South and Central America)
entry |2 pages
Amish
entry |2 pages
Andhras
entry |1 pages
Andorra
entry |1 pages
Angola
entry |2 pages
Annobonés
entry |3 pages
Anti-Semitism
entry |1 pages
Antigua and Barbuda
entry |1 pages
Anuak
entry |3 pages
Apartheid
entry |3 pages
Arab-Americans
entry |1 pages
Arabs: North African
entry |5 pages
Arabs: Palestinians
entry |2 pages
Arafat, Yasser (Palestinian)
entry |2 pages
Arakanese
entry |2 pages
Argentina
entry |2 pages
Armenia
entry |4 pages
Armenians
entry |2 pages
Arvanites
entry |2 pages
Asians in Latin America
entry |1 pages
Assam
entry |1 pages
Assam Movement
entry |2 pages
Assamese
entry |4 pages
Assimilation
entry |2 pages
Assyrians
entry |3 pages
Australia
entry |2 pages
Austria
entry |2 pages
Autonomy
entry |2 pages
Avars
entry |2 pages
Aymara
entry |2 pages
Ayta
entry |2 pages
Azerbaijan
entry |4 pages
Azerbaijani
letter B|86 pages
B
entry |3 pages
Bahamas
entry |1 pages
Bahrain
entry |2 pages
Bai
entry |1 pages
Bakhtyari
entry |1 pages
Balochi
entry |2 pages
Baluchis
entry |3 pages
Bangladesh
entry |2 pages
Bantu
entry |1 pages
Barbados
entry |2 pages
Bariba
entry |1 pages
Bashkir
entry |5 pages
Basques
entry |2 pages
Batak
entry |2 pages
Belarus
entry |4 pages
Belarusians
entry |2 pages
Belgium
entry |2 pages
Belize
entry |2 pages
Bengalis
entry |2 pages
Benin
entry |4 pages
Berbers
entry |1 pages
Bertha
entry |2 pages
Bhindranwale, Jarnail Sant (India-Sikh)
entry |2 pages
Bhutan
entry |2 pages
Bihari
entry |2 pages
Bilin
entry |2 pages
Bilingualism
entry |2 pages
Bolivia
entry |1 pages
Bonner, Neville Thomas (Aborigine)
entry |2 pages
Bororo
entry |3 pages
Bosnia And Herzegovina
entry |2 pages
Botswana
entry |2 pages
Brazil
entry |2 pages
Bretons
entry |2 pages
Brunei
entry |2 pages
Bubi
entry |3 pages
Buddhists
entry |2 pages
Bulgaria
entry |2 pages
Burakumin
entry |2 pages
Buriats
entry |2 pages
Burkina Faso
entry |1 pages
Burma
entry |2 pages
Burundi
letter C|102 pages
C
entry |3 pages
Cambodia
entry |2 pages
Cameroon
entry |3 pages
Canada
entry |1 pages
Cape Verde
entry |1 pages
Caste and Minority Status
entry |2 pages
Catalans
entry |1 pages
Catalonia
entry |6 pages
Catholics in Northern Ireland
entry |2 pages
Césaire, Aimé Ferdinand (Martiniquais)
entry |1 pages
Ceylon
entry |1 pages
Cham
entry |2 pages
Chávez, César (Mexican-American)
entry |3 pages
Chechens
entry |1 pages
Chechnya
entry |2 pages
Chile
entry |2 pages
Chin
entry |8 pages
China
entry |2 pages
Chinese in Australia
entry |5 pages
Chinese-Americans
entry |2 pages
Chittagong Hill Tribes
entry |1 pages
Christians: Overview
entry |7 pages
Christians: Africa
entry |2 pages
Chuvash
entry |3 pages
Circassians
entry |1 pages
Civil Rights
entry |3 pages
Civil War, United States
entry |2 pages
Colombia
entry |3 pages
Colonialism
entry |2 pages
Comoros
entry |2 pages
Congo
entry |2 pages
Congo Republic
entry |4 pages
Coptic Christians
entry |2 pages
Corsicans
entry |1 pages
Costa Rica
entry |2 pages
Côte D'ivoire
entry |2 pages
Creole (Mixed-Origin Minorities)
entry |2 pages
Critical Race Theory
entry |2 pages
Croatia
entry |4 pages
Croats
entry |3 pages
Cuba
entry |2 pages
Cuban-Americans
entry |1 pages
Cypriots
entry |1 pages
Cyprus
entry |2 pages
Czech Republic
letter D|59 pages
D
entry |3 pages
Dagestanis
entry |1 pages
Dai (Tai)
entry |3 pages
Dalai Lama (Tibetan)
entry |1 pages
Dalits
entry |2 pages
Damara
entry |2 pages
Dayaks
entry |2 pages
De Klerk, F.W. (Afrikaner)
entry |2 pages
Denmark
entry |5 pages
Diaspora
entry |3 pages
Diaspora: African
entry |3 pages
Diaspora: Chinese
entry |4 pages
Diaspora: Indian
entry |1 pages
Diaspora: Irish
entry |9 pages
Diaspora: Jewish
entry |2 pages
Diola (Joola)
entry |2 pages
Djibouti
entry |2 pages
Dogri
entry |2 pages
Dominica
entry |2 pages
Dominican Republic
entry |1 pages
Dong
entry |3 pages
Druze
entry |3 pages
Du Bois, W.E.B. (African-American)
entry |2 pages
Dukhobors
letter E|34 pages
E
entry |3 pages
East Timor
entry |2 pages
Ecuador
entry |2 pages
Education Rights
entry |2 pages
Egypt
entry |2 pages
El Salvador
entry |2 pages
English
entry |1 pages
Environmental Racism
entry |2 pages
Equal Opportunity
entry |2 pages
Eritrea
entry |1 pages
Eskimo
entry |2 pages
Estonia
entry |2 pages
Ethiopia
entry |2 pages
Ethiopian Jewry (Falasha)
entry |3 pages
Ethnic Conflict
entry |2 pages
Euronesians
entry |1 pages
Europeans: Overview
entry |2 pages
Ewe
entry |2 pages
Exchange of Population
letter F|24 pages
F
entry |3 pages
Fanon, Frantz Omar (Algerian)
entry |2 pages
Farrakhan, Louis (African-American)
entry |3 pages
Federalism
entry |1 pages
Fiji
entry |1 pages
Filipinos
entry |1 pages
Finland
entry |3 pages
Finns
entry |2 pages
France
entry |1 pages
French
entry |2 pages
Frisians
entry |2 pages
Friulians
entry |3 pages
Fulani
letter G|61 pages
G
entry |3 pages
Gabon
entry |2 pages
Gagauz (Christianized Turks)
entry |1 pages
Gambia, The
entry |2 pages
Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand (India)
entry |2 pages
Garang, John (Sudanese)
entry |2 pages
Garifuna
entry |2 pages
Garvey, Marcus (Jamaican)
entry |2 pages
Gender and Minority Status
entry |7 pages
Genocide
entry |3 pages
Georgia
entry |5 pages
Germans
entry |4 pages
Germany
entry |1 pages
Gheorghe, Nicolae (Roma, Romania)
entry |4 pages
Globalization and Minority Cultures
entry |2 pages
Grant, Bernie (United Kingdom)
entry |2 pages
Greece
entry |2 pages
Greeks
entry |2 pages
Grenada
entry |1 pages
Guatemala
entry |2 pages
Guillén, Nicolás
entry |2 pages
Guinea
entry |1 pages
Guinea-Bissau
entry |2 pages
Gujaratis
entry |1 pages
Gurage
entry |2 pages
Gurma
entry |2 pages
Guyana
entry |1 pages
Gypsies
letter H|41 pages
H
entry |2 pages
Haiti
entry |2 pages
Hakka Chinese
entry |2 pages
Hall, Stuart (United Kingdom Afro-Caribbean)
entry |1 pages
Hamer, Fannie Lou (African-American)
entry |2 pages
Hani
entry |1 pages
Haräri (Adäré)
entry |1 pages
Harijans
entry |1 pages
Hausa
entry |2 pages
Hawaiians (Indigenous)
entry |2 pages
Hindus
entry |2 pages
Hmong
entry |2 pages
Homosexuality and Minority Status
entry |3 pages
Honduras
entry |2 pages
Hong Kong Chinese
entry |2 pages
Hooks, Bell (African-American)
entry |1 pages
Horta, José Ramos
entry |1 pages
Hui
entry |3 pages
Human and Minority Rights Organizations
entry |2 pages
Human Rights
entry |2 pages
Hume, John (Northern Ireland Catholic)
entry |4 pages
Hungarians
entry |1 pages
Hungary
letter I|75 pages
I
entry |3 pages
Iceland
entry |2 pages
Igorot
entry |6 pages
Immigrant Workers in Arab States
entry |4 pages
Immigration
entry |3 pages
Imperialism
entry |7 pages
India
entry |3 pages
Indigenous Peoples
entry |5 pages
Indonesia
entry |2 pages
Indonesians
entry |4 pages
Integration
entry |2 pages
International Conventions
entry |3 pages
International Indian Treaty Council (IITC)
entry |3 pages
Internet and Minorities
entry |7 pages
Inuit
entry |5 pages
Iran
entry |1 pages
Iranians
entry |2 pages
Iraq
entry |3 pages
Ireland
entry |3 pages
Irish Republican Army
entry |3 pages
Ismailis
entry |1 pages
Israel
entry |3 pages
Italians
entry |1 pages
Ivory Coast
letter J|17 pages
J
entry |2 pages
Jackson, Jesse L. (African-American)
entry |3 pages
Jains
entry |1 pages
Jamaica
entry |2 pages
James, C.L.R. (Trinidadian)
entry |2 pages
Japan
entry |2 pages
Japanese-Americans
entry |1 pages
Jews
entry |1 pages
Jingpo
entry |2 pages
Jinnah, Muhammad Ali (Pakistani)
entry |1 pages
Jordan
entry |2 pages
Jordan, Barbara (African-American)
letter K|51 pages
K
entry |3 pages
Kabards
entry |1 pages
Kachin (Jingpo)
entry |2 pages
Kadazan-Dasun
entry |2 pages
Kalmyk
entry |3 pages
Kannadigas
entry |1 pages
Karachai
entry |2 pages
Karakalpaks
entry |4 pages
Karen
entry |2 pages
Kashmiris
entry |2 pages
Katari, Tupac (Aymaran)
entry |1 pages
Kayapó
entry |3 pages
Kazaks
entry |2 pages
Kazakstan
entry |2 pages
Kenya
entry |2 pages
Khakass
entry |3 pages
Khmer
entry |4 pages
Martin Luther King, Jr. (African American)
entry |2 pages
Komi
entry |2 pages
Korea, North and South
entry |1 pages
Koreans
entry |1 pages
Kosovo
entry |2 pages
Kurds
entry |2 pages
Kyrgyz
entry |2 pages
Kyrgyzstan
letter L|33 pages
L
entry |2 pages
Languages, Disappearing
entry |2 pages
Lao-Tai
entry |2 pages
Lao-Theung
entry |1 pages
Laos
entry |4 pages
Latin Americans
entry |2 pages
Latvia
entry |1 pages
Le Pen, Jean Marie (French)
entry |1 pages
League of Nations and Minorities
entry |3 pages
Lebanese
entry |2 pages
Lesotho
entry |2 pages
Lévesque, René (Canadian)
entry |1 pages
Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE)
entry |2 pages
Liberia
entry |1 pages
Liechtenstein
entry |2 pages
Lithuania
entry |2 pages
Lithuanians
entry |1 pages
Lurs
entry |2 pages
Luthuli, Albert (South African)
entry |1 pages
Luxembourg
letter M|126 pages
M
entry |2 pages
Mabo, Edward (Torres Strait Islander, Australia)
entry |3 pages
Macedonia
entry |3 pages
Macedonians
entry |2 pages
Madagascar
entry |2 pages
Maharashtrians
entry |2 pages
Malawi
entry |4 pages
Malays
entry |4 pages
Malaysia
entry |1 pages
Malcolm X (African-American)
entry |1 pages
Maldives
entry |2 pages
Mali
entry |1 pages
Malta
entry |1 pages
Manchu
entry |2 pages
Mande
entry |2 pages
Mandela, Nelson (South African)
entry |3 pages
Marcos, Subcomandante (Amerindian)
entry |1 pages
Mari
entry |2 pages
Marley, Bob (Jamaican)
entry |2 pages
Maroons (Bush Negroes)
entry |1 pages
Marshall Islands
entry |1 pages
Mauritania
entry |2 pages
Mauritius
entry |2 pages
Mazandarani
entry |2 pages
Melanesians
entry |1 pages
Melting Pot Vs. Ethnic Stew
entry |3 pages
Menchu, Rigoberta (Amerindian)
entry |3 pages
Mexican-Americans
entry |3 pages
Mexico
entry |1 pages
Miao
entry |1 pages
Micronesia
entry |2 pages
Migrations
entry |2 pages
Minangkabau
entry |3 pages
Minorities and Language
entry |2 pages
Minority Rights Group International
entry |3 pages
Miscegenation
entry |2 pages
Model Minority
entry |2 pages
Mohajirs
entry |2 pages
Moldova
entry |2 pages
Monégasque
entry |2 pages
Mongolia
entry |1 pages
Mongols
entry |2 pages
Montagnards
entry |3 pages
Montenegrins
entry |1 pages
Mordovans
entry |3 pages
Moro
entry |2 pages
Moro National Liberation Front (Mnlf)
entry |2 pages
Morrison, Toni (African-American)
entry |1 pages
Mossi
entry |2 pages
Mozambique
entry |2 pages
Muhammad, Elijah (African-American)
entry |4 pages
Mulattos (South African Coloreds)
entry |3 pages
Multiculturalism
entry |3 pages
Multiethnic State
entry |1 pages
Muslims in Africa
entry |2 pages
Muslims in Europe
entry |4 pages
Muslims in South Asia
entry |2 pages
Muslims in the Americas
entry |2 pages
Muslims: Shi‘a in Sunni Countries
entry |2 pages
Muslims: Sunni in Shi'a Countries
entry |3 pages
Myanmar (Burma)
letter N|37 pages
N
entry |3 pages
Namibia
entry |2 pages
Nasser, Gamal Abdel (Egyptian)
entry |3 pages
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (Naacp)
entry |3 pages
Nationalism
entry |2 pages
Ndebele
entry |3 pages
Negritos
entry |2 pages
Nepal
entry |2 pages
Nepalese
entry |2 pages
Netherlands
entry |2 pages
New Zealand
entry |2 pages
Ngugi Wa Thiong'o (Kenyan)
entry |1 pages
Nicaragua
entry |4 pages
Nigeria
entry |3 pages
Northern Ireland
entry |3 pages
Norway
letter O|14 pages
O
entry |2 pages
Ocalan, Abdullah (Kurd)
entry |2 pages
Occitans
entry |2 pages
Okinawans
entry |2 pages
Oman
entry |2 pages
Orang Asli
entry |2 pages
Osce High Commission on National Minorities
entry |2 pages
Ovambo
letter P|47 pages
P
entry |3 pages
Pacific Islanders
entry |2 pages
Pakistan
entry |3 pages
Palestinian Liberation Organization
entry |2 pages
Panama
entry |1 pages
Papua New Guinea
entry |2 pages
Paraguay
entry |2 pages
Parnell, Charles Stewart (Irish)
entry |1 pages
Parsis
entry |2 pages
Pashtuns (Pathans)
entry |1 pages
Palau
entry |2 pages
Peltier, Leonard (Amerindian)
entry |2 pages
Peru
entry |1 pages
Philippines
entry |2 pages
Poland
entry |4 pages
Poles
entry |3 pages
Police Bias, Incidents of
entry |2 pages
Political Participation
entry |2 pages
Pomaks
entry |2 pages
Pope Shenouda III (Coptic Christian)
entry |2 pages
Population Shifts
entry |1 pages
Portugal
entry |2 pages
Velupillai, Prabhakaran (Sri Lanka-Tamil)
entry |2 pages
Puerto Rican-Americans
entry |1 pages
Punjabi
letter Q|6 pages
Q
entry |2 pages
Qatar
entry |2 pages
Québécois
entry |2 pages
Quechua
letter R|54 pages
R
entry |5 pages
Race
entry |3 pages
Racism
entry |2 pages
Rajasthanis
entry |1 pages
Ramos-Horta, José (East Timor)
entry |2 pages
Rasha‘ida
entry |2 pages
Rastafari
entry |3 pages
Refugees
entry |3 pages
Religion Versus Ethnicity
entry |2 pages
Religious Nationalism
entry |3 pages
Religious Separatism
entry |6 pages
Roma (Gypsies)
entry |2 pages
Romania
entry |2 pages
Romansh
entry |3 pages
Rugova, Ibrahim (Albanian)
entry |5 pages
Russia
entry |6 pages
Russians
entry |4 pages
Rwanda
letter S|117 pages
S
entry |3 pages
Saami
entry |1 pages
Saint Kitts and Nevis
entry |1 pages
Saint Lucia
entry |3 pages
Sakha (Yakut)
entry |2 pages
Samoa
entry |3 pages
San (Bushmen)
entry |1 pages
San Marino
entry |1 pages
São Tomé and Príncipe
entry |3 pages
Saro-wiwa, Ken (Nigerian)
entry |1 pages
Saudi Arabia
entry |1 pages
Scotland
entry |3 pages
Scots
entry |2 pages
Secession
entry |1 pages
Selassie, Haile (Ethiopian)
entry |2 pages
Self-Determination
entry |2 pages
Semang
entry |3 pages
Senegal
entry |2 pages
Senghor, Léopold (Senegalese)
entry |1 pages
Serbia and Montenegro
entry |6 pages
Serbs
entry |3 pages
Sexuality
entry |2 pages
Seychelles
entry |1 pages
Shan
entry |2 pages
Shor
entry |3 pages
Siberian Indigenous Peoples
entry |2 pages
Sierra Leone
entry |3 pages
Sikhs
entry |1 pages
Silva, Benedita Da (Afro-Brazilian)
entry |2 pages
Sindhis
entry |2 pages
Singapore
entry |1 pages
Singh, Tara (Sikh)
entry |2 pages
Sinn Féin
entry |7 pages
Slavery
entry |3 pages
Slovakia
entry |1 pages
Slovaks
entry |2 pages
Slovenia
entry |1 pages
Somalia
entry |2 pages
Somalis
entry |2 pages
Songhai-Zerma
entry |1 pages
Soninke
entry |2 pages
Sorbs
entry |2 pages
South Africa
entry |3 pages
South Asian Americans (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh)
entry |1 pages
South Asians in Asia and The Pacific
entry |3 pages
South Asians in Europe
entry |2 pages
South Asians in The Americas (Non-U.S.)
entry |1 pages
Southeast Asian Americans (Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia)
entry |3 pages
Spain
entry |3 pages
Sri Lanka
entry |2 pages
Subcommission: Promotion and Protection of Human Rights
entry |1 pages
Sudan
entry |2 pages
Suriname
entry |1 pages
Swaziland
entry |2 pages
Sweden
entry |2 pages
Swedish-Speakers
entry |2 pages
Switzerland
entry |1 pages
Syria
letter T|83 pages
T
entry |2 pages
T'u-Chia
entry |2 pages
T'ung
entry |2 pages
Taiwan
entry |1 pages
Taiwan's Indigenous Peoples
entry |3 pages
Tajikistan
entry |2 pages
Tajiks
entry |3 pages
Tamil Tigers
entry |5 pages
Tamils
entry |2 pages
Tanzania
entry |6 pages
Tatars
entry |3 pages
Thailand
entry |2 pages
Tharu
entry |3 pages
Tibetans
entry |1 pages
Tigre
entry |3 pages
Tiruchelvam, Neelan (Tamil-Sri Lankan)
entry |1 pages
Tofa
entry |2 pages
Togo
entry |2 pages
Toraja
entry |2 pages
Torres Strait Islanders
entry |2 pages
Travelers (Irish Nomads)
entry |3 pages
Tribes: India (Adivasis/Scheduled Tribes)
entry |2 pages
Trimble, David (Northern Ireland)
entry |2 pages
Tuareg
entry |2 pages
Turkey
entry |2 pages
Turkmen
entry |2 pages
Turkmenistan
entry |7 pages
Turks
entry |4 pages
Tutsi
entry |2 pages
Tutu, Desmond (South African)
entry |2 pages
Tuvans
entry |3 pages
Twa
entry |3 pages
Tyrolese German-Speakers
entry |1 pages
Tyvans
letter U|40 pages
U
entry |3 pages
Udmurts
entry |3 pages
Uganda
entry |2 pages
Ukraine
entry |3 pages
Ukrainians
entry |2 pages
Ulster Irish
entry |2 pages
United Arab Emirates
entry |3 pages
United Kingdom
entry |6 pages
United Nations and Minorities
entry |1 pages
United Nations Declaration on Minorities
entry |2 pages
United Nations Working Group on Indigenous Populations
entry |2 pages
United Nations Working Group on Minorities
entry |2 pages
Untouchables (Harijans/Dalits/Scheduled Castes)
entry |2 pages
Uruguay
entry |2 pages
Uygurs (Uigurs)
entry |2 pages
Uzbekistan
entry |3 pages
Uzbeks
letter V|11 pages
V
entry |3 pages
Vanuatu
entry |1 pages
Venezuela
entry |3 pages
Vietnam
entry |2 pages
Vietnamese
entry |2 pages
Vlachs
letter W|14 pages
W
entry |4 pages
Wales
entry |1 pages
Walloons
entry |2 pages
Washington, Booker T. (African-American)
entry |1 pages
Wels
entry |2 pages
White Australia Policy (1901–1973)
entry |2 pages
Wolof
entry |2 pages
Wright, Richard (African-American)
letter Y|15 pages
Y
entry |1 pages
Yakut
entry |1 pages
Yanomami
entry |2 pages
Yao
entry |2 pages
Yemen
entry |1 pages
Yi
entry |3 pages
Yoruba
entry |4 pages
Yugoslavia
entry |1 pages
Yugoslavs (Southern Slavs)
letter Z|9 pages
Z
entry |3 pages
Zambia
entry |1 pages
Zana, Leila (Kurd)
entry |2 pages
Zhuang (Chuang)
entry |1 pages
Zimbabwe
entry |2 pages
Zoroastrians
