ABSTRACT
In the early twenty-first century, there is no sufficient sense of a global community, of institutions and practices that assure a dependable expectation of peaceful changes. There is thus no general agreement that common social problems must and can be resolved by processes of peaceful change, following shared practices and institutionalised procedures, and without resorting to large-scale physical force. States continue to spend vast sums of money on developing means of violence and destruction to secure themselves from the violence of others. If a social system has become integrated,1 no relevant actor has reasons to prepare for the use of political violence against others. In other words, military spending and investments in the early twenty-first century indicate that there is, as yet, no global security community.
