French social enterprises: a common ethical framework to balance various objectives

In the 1980s, an unexpected rise in unemployment in France led to a social crisis that culminated in the marginalization of a broad stratum of society that had been discarded by the labour market. Labour market integration mechanisms had to adapt to this change. Work integration initiatives of this period sought to maintain these individuals in work settings, so that they would not lose hope of eventually returning to work in an ordinary company.