ABSTRACT
The ascent of internal energy originating in the Earth’s core impels a complicated set of geological processes. Deep-seated lithospheric, and ultimately baryspheric, processes and structures influence the shape and dynamics of the toposphere. The primary surface features of the globe are in very large measure the product of geological processes. This primary tectonic influence is manifest in the structure of mountain chains, volcanoes, island arcs, and other large-scale structures exposed at the Earth’s surface, as well as in smaller features such as fault scarps.
