ABSTRACT

All survivors of relationship abuse have endured many painful and traumatic events and most must continue to deal with the effects of these traumas after freeing themselves of their unhealthy relationships. Some couples do not t into the typical “mold” of abusive relationships: heterosexual couples in which the male is the abuser. In other types of abusive or violent relationships, the suffering the victim faces is equally traumatic, but some issues they face and are trying to cope with now may be unique and even more difcult.