ABSTRACT
At first glance, Spanish and Bosnian societies seem like odd bedfellows in a comparative analysis of cities and urban planning. The transition in Bosnia was due to a gruesome war between 1992 and 1996 that killed about 100,000 people and displaced approximately two million people. The transition in Spain in the 1970s was a difficult one, yet one largely managed politically in its shift from Franco authoritarianism to a democratic and regionally decentralized state. The constitutional reordering in Bosnia was internationally imposed in 1995 through the Dayton Agreement, while it was more organically developed in Spain. In Bosnia, inter-group differences resulted in military conflict and violence, while in Spain differences between regional and state-based nationalism, with one important exception, have been worked through more in the political system. Societal crisis and transformation occurred in Bosnia in the 1990s and in Spain in the late 1970s.
