ABSTRACT
In the previous seven chapters I have given a synopsis of Madhusūdana’s own exposition of the philosophy of non-dualistic Vedānta. I have purposely elaborated on his views on the concept of avidyā, that is, mistaken knowledge, because the dualist Vedāntins refused to accept Śaṃkara and his followers’ view of non-duality and refuted the notion of avidyā. For the opponents it is but a negation of valid knowledge and not an ontological phenomenon as non-dualists suppose it to be. Madhusūdana defended avidyā.
