ABSTRACT
The North American theatre of the Napoleonic Wars, the conflict known to Americans and Canadians as the War of 1812, may have ended in a narrow military victory for the British, but for their Indian allies the war was an unmitigated disaster. Not only did the fighting cost the life of the Shawnee chief Tecumseh, architect with his brother Tenskwatawa of a great Indian confederation in the Old Northwest, an alliance against white encroachment that fell to pieces with his death, but it also brought ruin to the Indian tribe that was intended to serve as the southern anchor of Tecumseh’s confederation, the Creeks.
