ABSTRACT
Although pupils may share certain basic orientations, there are important differences among them. Some of the key differences arise from pupil cultures, especially those connected with social class, gender and ‘race’. Some, it is argued, are induced by the organization and processes within the school. In the next two chapters I shall consider the implications of these cultural differences for pupil perspectives and school experiences. I shall discuss school organization and social class in this chapter, and gender and ‘race’ in chapters 3 and 4. This is for convenience of treatment rather than any real separation. As will be seen, there is considerable overlap among them.
