ABSTRACT
In the emerging and historical literature reporting action research projects and theory, there are and continue to be many different versions of action research. They vary in process as well as purpose according to the history and possibilities of the different sites and according to the interests, ethics, and commitments of those involved (Noffke, 1997). Among some advocates of action research, one seeming tension emerges (albeit somewhat onesided as the published voices have been primarily on only one side of the ‘argument’) between those who argue for a social justice or emancipatory focus and those whose primary interests appear to lie more in the areas of personal and professional growth and development (Weiner, 1989; Zeichner, 1993).
