ABSTRACT
Pearce (1996) has described the success of the Orangi Pilot Project in Karachi, Pakistan. Orangi, a squatter district of Karachi, had been plagued by political riots, murderous drugs mafiosi, and corrupt officials. However, it is now recognized as a shining example of how urban squalor can be overcome to produce positive social change, with very little help from either local or national government, or from foreign aid. Akhter Hameed Akhan, a retired schoolmaster and sociologist, who initiated the Orangi Project, found squatters living in homes constructed from concrete blocks with limited water supply and no sewers.
