ABSTRACT

In classical physics there was never a serious problem either about the ontology, or about the epistemology. With regard to the ontology, one assumed the existence of particles and fields which were taken to be essentially independent of the human observer. The epistemology was then almost self-evident because the observing apparatus was supposed to obey the same objective laws as the observed system, so that the measurement process could be understood as a special case of the general laws applying to the entire universe.