ABSTRACT
Like Foucault, Habermas began his career within Marxism but eventually broke with Marxist assumptions to develop a new theory of society and history. In both cases, this move was motivated by internal and external, logical and historical, concerns. In terms of its inherent theoretical deficiencies, Foucault and Habermas believe Marx’s work is reductionistic in its monological focus on material production. Each, consequently, attempts to escape the economistic heritage of Marxism and to rethink history, society, and the subject within a new conceptual framework.1
