ABSTRACT
Kazak pastoralists traditionally followed a transhumant or nomadic way of life. They made maximum use of natural pastures in different ecological zone areas at each season. This system was reshaped during the Soviet period, and is now considerably disrupted. Yet extensive livestock production based on seasonal movement remains the most efficient way of exploiting the natural resources of Kazak rangelands, as dependence on artificial livestock feed sources is minimised. Thus the prime purpose of new management systems should be to obtain maximum production from pastures with the minimum amount of stall-fed fodder.
