ABSTRACT
As brought out in § 12.4.1 evaluation is not a discrete but an integral part of the planning process. However, this is a comparatively recent innovation. Thus, it was possible to say in a research study in 1975 that (Lichfield et al. 1975: para. xv):
Evaluation is frequently treated in practice as a discrete activity, functionally separate from other planmaking activities, with those responsible for undertaking the evaluation work having little or no influence over the nature of preceding work. Alternatively, evaluation is left until too late in the study for it to make an effective contribution to subsequent decision-making procedures. A variety of difficulties may result.
