ABSTRACT
Finally, a third perspective on the experience of Israeli emigrants emphasizes their ability to combine resources, networks and identities available from multiple locations in order to maximize their freedom and independence from the confines of any one nation state and to minimize obligations and limitations connected with patriotism, citizenship, military service, religious or cultural projects, racial hierarchies, gender ideologies, restrictions on sexuality and the like. This perspective is associated with the recent scholarly concern with transnationalism. Most transnational writing has addressed the experience of “postcolonial” groups, including African-origin peoples, South Asians and Latin Americans who have worked to develop fields of social membership that transcend the limited options available either in ancestral countries of origin, or diasporic settings where they are subject to cultural isolation, racialization and economic exploitation (Appadurai 1996; Portes 2001).
