ABSTRACT
Typo/graphic combinations of text and flat design elements are linked with the earlier developments of visual and concrete poetry by Apollinaire, Dada/Surrealism, and the Lettrist movements in the twentieth century. The convergence between type and graphics enables these expressions to apply to both images and typography equally. Examples of this overlap range from Francis Thompson’s N.Y., N.Y. (1958) to contemporary title designs such as Sphere (1998).
