ABSTRACT

In recent years, the Leveson Inquiry in Great Britain, as well as the EU High-Level Group on Media Freedom and Pluralism, have stirred heated debates about media accountability and media self-regulation across Europe. How responsible are journalists? How well-developed are infrastructures of media self-regulation in the different European countries? How much commitment to media accountability is there in the media industry – and how actively do media users become involved in the process of media criticism via social media?

With contributions from leading scholars in the field of journalism and mass communication, this handbook brings together reports on the status quo of media accountability in all EU members states as well as key countries close to Europe, such as Turkey and Israel. Each chapter provides an up-to-date overview of media accountability structures as well as a synopsis of relevant research, exploring the role of media accountability instruments in each national setting, including both media self-regulation (such as codes of ethics, press councils, ombudspersons) and new instruments that involve audiences and stakeholder groups (such as media blogs and user comment systems).

A theoretically informed, cross-national comparative analysis of the state of media accountability in contemporary Europe, this handbook constitutes an invaluable basis for further research and policy-making and will appeal to students and scholars of media studies and journalism, as well as policy-makers and practitioners.

chapter |6 pages

Introduction

Putting media accountability on the map

chapter |7 pages

Austria

Back on the democratic corporatist road?

chapter |10 pages

Belgium

Divided along language lines

chapter |7 pages

Bulgaria

Regaining media freedom

chapter |8 pages

Croatia

Unfulfilled expectations

chapter |8 pages

Cyprus

Behind closed (journalistic) doors

chapter |7 pages

Czech Republic

The market governs

chapter |9 pages

Denmark

Voluntary accountability driven by political pressure

chapter |10 pages

Estonia

Conflicting views on accountability practices

chapter |7 pages

Finland

The empire renewing itself

chapter |10 pages

France

Media accountability as an abstract idea?

chapter |9 pages

Germany

Disregarded diversity

chapter |8 pages

Greece

Between systemic inefficiencies and nascent opportunities online

chapter |8 pages

Hungary

Difficult legacy, slow transformation

chapter |13 pages

Ireland

Moving from courts to institutions of accountability

chapter |9 pages

Israel

Media in political handcuffs

chapter |6 pages

Italy

Transparency as an inspiration

chapter |7 pages

Latvia

Different journalistic cultures and different accountability within one media system

chapter |9 pages

Lithuania

The ideology of liberalism and its flaws in the democratic performance of the media

chapter |3 pages

Luxembourg

Low priority in a confined milieu

chapter |7 pages

Malta

Media accountability as a two-legged ‘tripod’

chapter |10 pages

The Netherlands

From awareness to realization

chapter |10 pages

Norway

Journalistic power limits media accountability

chapter |7 pages

Poland

Accountability in the making

chapter |10 pages

Portugal

Many structures, little accountability

chapter |9 pages

Romania

Unexpected pressures for accountability

chapter |9 pages

Russia

Media accountability to the public or the state?

chapter |10 pages

Slovakia

Conditional success of ethical regulation via online instruments

chapter |8 pages

Slovenia

The paper tiger of media accountability

chapter |8 pages

Spain

New formats and old crises

chapter |8 pages

Sweden

A long history of media accountability adaption

chapter |9 pages

Switzerland

A role model with glitches

chapter |9 pages

Turkey

Sacrificing credibility for economic expediency and partisanship

chapter |8 pages

United Kingdom

Post-Leveson, media accountability is all over the place

chapter |16 pages

Summary

Measuring media accountability in Europe – and beyond