ABSTRACT
Chapter 3 links empirically to the discussion of the 1997 haze crisis of the first book. It begins with the case of the transboundary haze crisis in Southeast Asia in 2015 and assesses the regional integration dynamics and national measures in the immediate aftermath of the crisis, as well as some of the key anti-haze initiatives that have taken place since the publication of the first book. In the context of the various regional and national initiatives, it discusses issues of national sovereignty, foregrounding Indonesia’s behaviour and the pressure that has been exerted by neighbouring Singapore to compel Indonesia to live up to its regional commitments. Then, the EU’s assistance to Southeast Asia is described, centring on the themes: consumer pressure in connection to palm oil and timber, the role of non-governmental actors and certification schemes, and sustainable management of forests and peatland in Southeast Asia.
