ABSTRACT

This book explores, at a time when several powers have become serious players on the continent, aspects of African agency, past and present, by African writers on foreign policy, representative of geography, language and state size.

In the past, African foreign policy has largely been considered within the context of reactions to the international or global “external factor”. This groundbreaking book, however, looks at how foreign policy has been crafted and used in response not just to external, but also, mainly, domestic imperatives or (theoretical) signifiers. As such, it narrates individual and changing foreign policy orientations over time—and as far back as independence—with mainly African-based scholars who present their own constructs of what is a useful theoretical narrative regarding foreign policy on the continent—how theory is adapted to local circumstance or substituted for continentally based ontologies. The book therefore contends that the African experience carries valuable import for expanding general understandings of foreign policy in general.

This book will be of key interest to scholars and students of Foreign Policy Analysis, Foreign Policy Studies, African International Relations/Politics/Studies, Diplomacy and more broadly to International Relations.

chapter 1|14 pages

Introduction

African foreign policy studies—selecting signifiers to explain agency

chapter 2|15 pages

African agency

Past into present African foreign policy concepts and practices

chapter 3|22 pages

The African Union as a foreign policy player

African agency in international cooperation

chapter 4|14 pages

Unprincipled pragmatism and anti-imperialist impulses in an interconnected world

The Zuma presidency, 2009–2017

chapter 6|16 pages

Nigeria’s foreign policy and intervention behaviour in Africa

What role for agency?

chapter 7|13 pages

Zimbabwe and new signifiers

Towards a cultural political economy of foreign policy making

chapter 9|21 pages

Addressing the conceptual void of African small state foreign policy in orthodox theory

A case study of Botswana’s principled pragmatism

chapter 10|21 pages

Tunisia’s foreign policy towards France before and after an undemanding “revolution”

A theoretical explanation of the An-Nahdha-led interim governments’ soft policy

chapter 11|15 pages

Straddling between convergence and divergence

A constructivist’s view of Malawi’s foreign policy in post-independence Africa

chapter 12|15 pages

Strategies of a small state between realism and liberalism

Sixty years of Guinea’s diplomacy and foreign policy (1958–2018)

chapter 13|18 pages

Rethinking SADC

A mixed actor approach to collective policymaking on external relations 1

chapter 14|16 pages

Ghana

Identity formation and the foreign and defence policies of a small state

chapter 15|11 pages

Conclusion