ABSTRACT

Dick Leonard’s British Prime Ministers from Walpole to Salisbury: The 18th and 19th Centuries surveys the lives and careers of all the 32 Prime Ministers from Sir Robert Walpole (1721–42) to Archibald Philip Primrose, fifth Earl of Rosebery (1894–95), in 32 succinct, informative and entertaining chapters.

Bringing to life the political achievements and personal idiosyncrasies of Britain's rulers over the 18th and 19th centuries, the author recounts the circumstances which took them to the pinnacle of British political life, probes their political and personal strengths and weaknesses, assesses their performance in office and asks what lasting influence they have had. Along the way Leonard entertains and informs, revealing little-known facts about the private lives of each of the Prime Ministers, such as who was suspected to be an illegitimate half-brother of George III, who was assassinated in the House of Commons, and who spent his evenings prowling the streets of London, trying to "reform" prostitutes.

This book can also form part of a two-volume set published by Routledge including the companion volume Modern British Prime Ministers from Balfour to Johnson.

This book will be of key interest to scholars, students and readers of British political history, the Executive, government and British politics.

chapter |4 pages

Introduction

The road to the prime ministership

part I|167 pages

The 18th century

chapter 1|16 pages

Robert Walpole, first Earl of Orford

“All these men have their price”

chapter 2|6 pages

Spencer Compton, first Earl of Wilmington

“George II’s favourite nonentity”?

chapter 3|10 pages

Henry Pelham

Pragmatic heir to Walpole

chapter 4|12 pages

Thomas Pelham-Holles, Duke of Newcastle

Mighty Panjandrum, feeble Premier

chapter 5|5 pages

William Cavendish, fourth Duke of Devonshire

“I have no motive but the King’s service”

chapter 6|9 pages

John Stuart, third Earl of Bute

Royal favourite and “dearest friend”

chapter 7|13 pages

George Grenville

Able Premier, undermined by his own prolixity

chapter 8|13 pages

Charles Watson-Wentworth, second Marquess of Rockingham

The conscience of the Whigs

chapter 9|18 pages

William Pitt, the Elder, first Earl of Chatham

“I am sure that I can save this country, and that nobody else can”

chapter 10|8 pages

Augustus Henry Fitzroy, third Duke of Grafton

Well-intentioned dilettante

chapter 11|15 pages

Frederick North, styled Lord North

Outstanding parliamentarian, pity about the colonies …

chapter 12|13 pages

William Petty, second Earl of Shelburne

Intellectual in politics

chapter 13|9 pages

William Henry Cavendish-Bentinck, third Duke of Portland

Twice a figurehead Premier

chapter 14|18 pages

William Pitt, the Younger

Peacetime prodigy, less successful war leader

part II|235 pages

Part II The 19th century

chapter 15|8 pages

Henry Addington, Viscount Sidmouth

Better than his reputation?

chapter 16|13 pages

William GRENVILLE, Baron Grenville

Not quite all the talents

chapter 17|11 pages

Spencer Perceval

Struck down in his prime

chapter 18|15 pages

Robert Banks Jenkinson, second Earl of Liverpool

Keeping the show on the road

chapter 19|16 pages

George Canning

In the footsteps of Pitt

chapter 20|9 pages

Frederick Robinson, Viscount Goderich, Earl of Ripon

Inadequate stopgap

chapter 21|13 pages

Arthur Wesley (Wellesley), Duke of Wellington

Military hero, political misfit?

chapter 22|11 pages

Charles Grey, second Earl Grey

In the footsteps of Fox

chapter 23|13 pages

William Lamb, second Viscount Melbourne

Mentor to a young monarch

chapter 24|15 pages

Robert Peel

Arch pragmatist or Tory traitor?

chapter 25|14 pages

Lord John Russell, first Earl Russell

From Whig to Liberal

chapter 26|12 pages

Edward Stanley, fourteenth Earl of Derby

“The brilliant chief, irregularly great”

chapter 27|10 pages

George Gordon, fourth Earl of Aberdeen

Failure or scapegoat?

chapter 28|16 pages

Henry John Temple, third Viscount Palmerston

Master diplomat or playground bully?

chapter 29|16 pages

Benjamin Disraeli, Earl of Beaconsfield

Climbing “the greasy pole”

chapter 30|19 pages

William Ewart Gladstone

From “stern unbending Tory” to “the People’s William”

chapter 31|11 pages

Robert Cecil, third Marquis of Salisbury

Skilful opponent of Reform

chapter 32|11 pages

Archibald Philip Primrose, fifth Earl of Rosebery

Seeking “the palm without the dust”