ABSTRACT

This volume explores the enigmatic primary source known as the ancient military manual. In particular, the volume explores the extent to which these diverse texts constitute a genre (sometimes unsatisfactorily classified as ‘technical literature’), and the degree to which they reflect the practice of warfare.

With contributions from a diverse group of scholars, the chapters examine military manuals from early Archaic Greece to the Byzantine period, covering a wide range of topics including readership, siege warfare, mercenaries, defeat, textual history, and religion. Coverage includes most of the major contemporary siege manual writers, including Xenophon, Frontinus, Vegetius, and Maurice. Close examination of these texts serves to reveals the complex ways in which ancient Greeks, Romans, and Byzantines sought to understand better, and impose order upon, the seemingly irrational phenomenon known as war.

Providing insight into the multifaceted collection of texts that constituted military manuals, this volume is a key resource for students and scholars of warfare and military literature in the classical and Byzantine periods.

chapter |16 pages

Introduction

The ancient military treatise, genre, and history

chapter 1|22 pages

Military manuals from Aeneas Tacticus to Maurice

Origins, scholarship, genre, audience, and history

chapter 3|23 pages

The blind leading the blind?

Civilian writers and audiences of military manuals in the Roman world

chapter 4|21 pages

Homeric Taktika

chapter 5|22 pages

Aeneas Tacticus, Philon of Byzantium, Onasander and the good siege

A case-study of Demetrius at Rhodes 1

chapter 6|15 pages

Mercenaries and moral concerns

chapter 7|17 pages

Xenophon’s On Horsemanship

The equestrian military manual

chapter 8|19 pages

Refighting Cunaxa

Xenophon’s Education of Cyrus as a manual on military leadership

chapter 10|16 pages

Defeat as stratagem

Frontinus on Cannae

chapter 13|17 pages

Justinian’s warfare as role model for Byzantine warfare?

The evidence of the military manuals

chapter 14|20 pages

‘God has sent the thunder’

Ideological distinctives of middle Byzantine military manuals

chapter |25 pages

Epilogue

Is war an art? The past, present, and future of Greek, Roman, and Byzantine military literature