ABSTRACT

This volume offers a comparative analysis of the role of the military in Latin America in domestic politics and governance after 2000.

Divided into four parts covering the entirety of Latin America, the book argues that the Latin American military as semi-autonomous political actors have not faded away since 2000 and may even have been making a comeback in various countries. Each part outlines scenarios which effectively frame the various pathways taken to post-military democratic society. Part 1 critically examines textbook cases of political demilitarization in the Southern Cone, Peru, and Costa Rica. Part 2 contrasts the role of the military in the post-2000 politics of two regional powers: Brazil and Mexico. Part 3 examines the political role of the military facing ‘violent pluralism’ in Colombia and the Northern triangle of Central America. Finally, Part 4 identifies country cases in which the military have been instrumental in the rise, sustenance, and occasional demise of left wing revolutionary projects within Venezuela, Cuba, Nicaragua, and Bolivia.

Latin American Military and Politics in the Twenty-First Century will be of interest to scholars, students and professionals in the fields of Latin American history, international relations, military studies and studies concerning democracy, political violence and revolution in Latin America elsewhere.

chapter 1|18 pages

Introduction

The Latin American Military and Politics in the Twenty-First Century

part 1|70 pages

Back to the Barracks?

part 2|44 pages

Regional Powers under Siege

chapter 8|24 pages

Mexico—The Armed Forces

Revolution, One-Party Rule and the Uncertainties of Democratisation and Insecurity

part 3|58 pages

Violent Pluralism

chapter 9|19 pages

Guatemala—The Sword of Damocles

Deficient Civilian Control and Relative Military Autonomy

chapter 10|12 pages

El Salvador—The Armed Forces in Politics

Support and Tutelage

chapter 11|13 pages

Honduras—The Militarisation of Politics or the Politicisation of the Military?

The Armed Forces in Times of Political Crisis, Corruption, Drug Trafficking and the COVID-19 Pandemic

part 4|74 pages

Armoured Bolivarianism

chapter 14|14 pages

Cuba—The Cuban Armed Forces

From Revolutionaries to Entrepreneurs

chapter 15|11 pages

Nicaragua—The Changing Ethos of the Nicaraguan Army

From a Revolutionary Army to an Advocate of Democracy and, Finally, a Financial Emporium and a Silent Accomplice to the New Dictatorship

chapter 16|14 pages

Bolivia—The Armed Forces and the Crisis of the Plurinational State of Bolivia

Neo-Conservatism Versus the Popular Movement in the Twenty-First Century

chapter 17|11 pages

Military Officers for Democracy

The OMIDELAC in the 1970s and the 1980s

chapter 18|8 pages

Conclusions

Latin America's New Civil–Military Politics