Introduction

One major stumbling block to progress is our failure to solve nonlinear partial differential equations which are assumed to govern turbulent flows. Because of rapidly increasing computational capabilities, recent attention is increasingly being paid to solution of these equations by direct numerical or large eddy simulations. An inspection of experimental literature clearly shows that some aspects of turbulence depend only on a few transport properties (such as diffusivities, dissipation rates, etc). First objective of the monograph is an introduction to this methodology by following the recent studies of Arpaci. Second objective of the monograph is to demonstrate the microscale foundation of the existing and so-called empirical heat and mass transfer correlations, develop models for future correlation of experimental data, and bridge the gap between heat/mass transfer and fluid mechanics studies. The entropy production is extended to moving media which requires as well the consideration of the momentum balance.