Robust forms of idiolinkage

If j indexes, say, genotypes, while α indexes a factor or factors (attributes, environments) crossed with genotypes, we have been working with ( distance ) i j 2 = ∑ α ( u i α − u j α ) 2 https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780367811846/586bb8b4-394a-4d09-a69c-5a6773b07df4/content/eq63.tif"/>