ABSTRACT
Extensive and sophisticated fruit industries have developed in many parts of the world in response to the large demand for high quality fresh fruit. Fruit fly control represents a top priority for these industries, both in temperate and in tropical regions, and whether they are in fly-free countries or in fly-infested countries. In the case of fly-infested countries, producers suffer significant direct economic losses resulting from fruit fly damage. In terms of exports of fresh fruit, indirect losses are just as important. The establishment of standard integrated pest management methodologies for fruit flies, involving a number of control alternatives used alone or in combination, such as orchard sanitation, monitoring, early harvesting, fruit wrapping or bagging, parasitoid release, and wild host removal, has achieved some success in controlling fruit flies. When fruit growers pursue a concerted fly population management strategy over a significantly large area, the number of flies moving into orchards from neighboring orchards is largely reduced.
