Field and Laboratory Responses of Whole Organisms Associated with Pulp Mills

The measurement and assessment of the response of whole organisms to pulp mill effluent covers a wide variety of approaches, organisms and types of receiving environments. In addition, the type of pulp mill (wood furnish, bleaching sequence, type of effluent treatment, volume of discharge) has a direct bearing on the nature and extent of expected impacts. Recent studies summarized in this paper reflect the diversity of pulp mill types and receiving environments.