ABSTRACT
The catalyst and water could be recovered and reused in both the aldol reaction and Michael reaction, and asymmetric synthesis could be carried out as much as possible without waste. Approximately one-third of known enzymes require metal ions to express catalytic activity, and “organometallic complex catalysts” have been greatly developed in organic synthesis. Organocatalysts are attractive from the viewpoint of environmentally friendly and elemental strategy, as they are easy to handle, inexpensive, and promote organic reactions without the use of metals with high residual toxicity. To discuss the possibility of forming a unique reaction field by Ultra-Fine Bubbles (UFB), the existence of UFB should be confirmed. Bubbles are different from solid particles, as their size varies dynamically, and their scattering intensity is weak. Visible microbubbles can be observed with home cameras and videos, but it is difficult to measure nano-sized UFB by the general Dynamic.
