ABSTRACT
Once deemed ‘terrorist organisations’, the African National Congress and other political movements were unbanned by the apartheid National Party government so that negotiations for a new South Africa could begin in earnest. The formal end of apartheid –– heralded around the world as a victory for democracy and human rights – came at the same time as the crumbling of Europe’s eastern bloc states, the fall of the Berlin Wall, and the fading of utopian visions of socialism that had inspired many in the liberation movements. Post-apartheid South Africa is marked by continuing problems of high poverty, high inequality, and high unemployment. The spatial dispersal of poverty, and the degree to which it has not shifted, is outlined as follows by the World Bank Report: Poverty has a clear spatial dimension and spatial patterns of poverty suggest progress toward dismantling the spatial legacy of apartheid has been slow.
