ABSTRACT
In the examples so far examined we have paid no attention to the truth or otherwise of the propositions, but have considered only their form, and it has become progressively clearer that the form of propositions appears to be definite, and to have characteristics of its own which are independent of what is asserted in the proposition, and independent of the truth or otherwise of that assertion. We have found that a proposition having a given subject and a given predicate must, according to the traditional logic, take one or other of only four possible forms. Thus if a proposition has ungulates as subject and carnivores as predicate, it must be either All ungulates are carnivores (universal affirmative) or No ungulates are carnivores (universal negative) or Some ungulates are carnivores (particular affirmative) or Some ungulates are not carnivores (particular negative).
