ABSTRACT
This chapter reviews some issues that are commonly encountered in counseling settings. The specialty issues include trauma counseling, substance abuse counseling, managed care, and counseling and spirituality. These topics often surface in counseling regardless of setting. This chapter discusses the effects of trauma along with common treatment protocols such as cognitive-processing therapy or prolonged exposure. The effects and common treatments for substance abuse counseling are addressed with a focus on motivational interviewing and other models. Counselors work with managed care on a daily basis and need knowledge of procedures and structures of managed care agencies. Lastly, clients often identify spiritual factors that relate to other problems, and counselors apply spirituality when appropriate to build resiliency in clients.
