Makers of Nineteenth Century Culture

ACTON, John Emerich Edward Dalberg, Lord 1834—1902

ADAMS, Henry Brooks 1838–1918

AFGHANI, Jamal Uddeen A1 1838–94

AGASSIZ, Jean Louis Rodolphe 1807–73

ALCOTT, Louisa May 1832–88

ALGER, Horatio, Jr 1832–99

ALKAN, Charles-Valentin 1813—88

ANDERSEN, Hans Christian 1805–75

ANTHONY, Susan Brownell 1820–1906

ANTOINE, André 1858–1943

ARNOLD, Matthew 1822–88

ARNOLD, Thomas 1795–1842

AUDUBON, John James 1785–1851

AUSTEN, Jane 1775–1817

AUSTIN, John 1790–1859

BABBAGE, Charles 1792–1871

BAER, Karl Ernst von 1792–1876

BAGEHOT, Walter 1826–77

BAKST, Léon Samôlivich 1866?—1924

BAKUNIN, Mikhail Alexandrovich 1814–76

BALAKIREV, Mily Alexeyevich 1837–1910

BALZAC, Honoré de 1799–1850

BARNUM, Phineas Taylor 1810–91

BARRÉS, Auguste-Maurice 1862–1923

BARRY, Sir Charles 1795–1860

BAUDELAIRE, Charles Pierre 1821–67

BAUER, Bruno 1809–82

BAUR, Ferdinand Christian 1792–1860

BEARDSLEY, Aubrey Vincent 1872–98

BECQUER, Gustavo Adolfo 1836–70

BEETHOVEN, Ludwig van 1770–1827

BEETON, Samuel Orchart 1831–77

BELL, Alexander Graham 1847–1922

BELLINI, Vincenzo 1801–35

BENTHAM, Jeremy 1748–1832

BERLIOZ, Louis-Hector 1803–69

BERNARD, Claude 1813–78

BERWALD, Franz Adolf 1796–1868

BIERCE, Ambrose 1842–1914?

BISMARCK, Otto von 1815–98

BIZET, Georges 1838–75

BJØRNSON, Bjørnstjerne 1832–1910

BÖCKLIN, Arnold 1827–1901

BOLIVAR, Simon 1783–1830

BOLTZMANN, Ludwig 1844–1906

BOOLE, George 1815–64

BOOTH, William 1829–1912

BORODIN, Alexander Porfirevich 1833–87

BOUCICAULT, Dionysius Lardner (né Boursiquot) 1820–90

BRADDON, Mary Elizabeth 1837–1915

BRADLEY, Francis Herbert 1846–1924

BRAHMS, Johannes 1833–97

BRIDGES, Robert Seymour 1844–1930

BRIGHT, John 1811–89

BRONTE, Charlotte 1816–55

BRONTË, Emily 1818–48

BROWN, Ford Madox 1821–93

BROWN, Robert 1773–1858

BROWNING, Elizabeth Barrett 1806–61

BROWNING, Robert 1812–89

BRUCKNER, Anton 1824–96

BRUNEL, Isambard Kingdom 1806–59

BRYANT, William Cullen 1794–1878

BÜCHNER, Georg 1813–37

BUCKLE, Thomas Henry 1821—62

BULWER-LYTTON, Edward, 1st Baron Lytton 1803–73

BUNTLINE, Ned (Edward Zane Carroll JUDSON) 1823–86

BURCKHARDT, Jacob Christoph 1818–97

BURNE-JONES, Sir Edward 1833–98

BURTON, Sir Richard Francis 1821–96

BUTLER, Samuel 1835–1902

BYRON, Lord (George Gordon Noel) 1788–1824

CANOVA, Antonio 1757–1822

CANTOR, Georg Ferdinand Ludwig Philipp 1845–1918

CARDUCCI, Giosuè 1835–1907

CARLYLE, Thomas 1795–1881

CARNEGIE, Andrew 1835–1919

CARROLL, Lewis (Charles Lutwidge Dodgson) 1832–98

CARVER, George Washington 1860–1943

CAYLEY, Sir George 1773–1857

CÉZANNE, Paul 1839–1906

CHAMBERLAIN, Houston Stewart 1855–1927

CHATEAUBRIAND, Françoise René, Vicomte de 1768–1848

CHEKHOV, Anton Pavlovich 1860–1904

CHERUBINI, Luigi 1760–1842

CHOPIN, Frédéric 1810–49

CHOPIN, Kate 1850–1904

CLARE, John 1793–1864

CLAUSEWITZ, Carl von 1780–1831

CLAUSIUS, Rudolf Julius Emmanuel 1822–88

CLOUGH, Arthur Hugh 1819–61

COBBETT, William 1763–1835

COBDEN, Richard 1804–65

COLE, Thomas 1801–48

COLERIDGE, Samuel Taylor 1772–1834

COLLINS, William Wilkie 1824–89

COMTE, Auguste 1798–1857

CONSTABLE, John 1776–1837

CONSTANT DE REBECQUE, Henri Benjamin 1767–1830

COOPER, James Fenimore 1789–1851

COROT, Jean-Baptiste-Camille 1796–1875

COURBET, Gustave 1819–77

CRABBE, George 1754–1832

CRANE, Stephen 1871–1900

CRUIKSHANK, George 1792–1878

CURIE, Marie Sklodowska 1867–1934

CUVIER, Léopold Chrétien Frédéric Dagobert, called Georges 1769–1832

DALTON, John 1766–1844

DARWIN, Charles Robert 1809–82

DAUDET, Alphonse 1840–97

DAUMIER, Honoré-Victorin 1808–79

DAVID, Jacques-Louis 1748–1825

DAVY, Sir Humphry 1778–1829

DEDEKIND, (Julius Wilhelm) Richard 1831–1916

DEGAS, Edgar 1834–1917

DELACROIX, Eugène 1798–1863

DE MAISTRE, Joseph 1753–1821

DE QUINCEY, Thomas 1785–1859

DICKENS, Charles John Huffam 1812–70

DICKINSON, Emily 1830–86

DILTHEY, Wilhelm 1833–1911

D'INDY, (Paul Marie Théodore) Vincent 1851–1931

DISRAELI, Benjamin, Earl of Beaconsfield 1804–81

DOLLINGER, Johann Joseph Ignaz von 1799–1890

DONIZETTI, Gaetano 1797–1848

DORÉ, Gustave 1832–83

DOSTOEVSKY, Fyodor Mikhailovich 1821–81

DOUGHTY, Charles Montagu 1843–1926

DOUGLASS, Frederick 1818–95

DOYLE, Sir Arthur Conan 1859–1930

DUHEM, Pierre-Marie-Maurice 1861–1916

DUMAS, Alexandre (pere) 1802–70

DUMAS, Alexandre fils 1824–95

DVOŘÁK, Antonin 1841–1904

EAKINS, Thomas 1844–1916

EASTMAN, George 1845–1936

EÇA DE QUEIROZ, Jośe Maria 1845–1900

EDDY, Mary Baker 1821–1910

EDGEWORTH, Maria 1767–1849

EDISON, Thomas Alva 1847–1931

EICHENDORFF, Joseph von 1788–1857

EIFFEL, Gustave 1832–1923

ELIOT, George (Mary Anne or Marian Evans) 1819–80

EMERSON, Ralph Waldo 1803–82

ENGELS, Friedrich 1820–95

ENSOR, James 1860–1949

ESPRONCEDA, José de 1808–42

EVANS, Sir Arthur 1851–1941

EVANS, Sir John 1823–1908

FARADAY, Michael 1791–1867

FAURÉ, Gabriel Urbain 1845–1924

FAWCETT, Millicent Garrett, Dame 1847–1929

FEUERBACH, Ludwig Andreas 1804–72

FEYDEAU, Georges (Léon Jules Marie) 1862–1921

FICHTE, Johann Gottlieb 1762–1814

FITZGERALD, Edward 1809–83

FLAUBERT, Gustave 1821–80

FONTAINE, Pierre 1762–1853

FONTANE, Theodor 1819–98

FOSCOLO, Ugo 1778–1827

FOSTER, Stephen Collins 1826–64

FOURIER, Charles 1772–1837

FRANCE, Anatole (pseudonym of Anatole-François Thibault) 1844–1924

FRANCK César (Auguste Jean Guillaume Hubert) 1822–90

FRAZER, Sir James George 1854—1941

FREGE, Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob 1848–1925

FRESNEL, Augustin Jean 1788–1827

FRIEDRICH, Caspar David 1774–1840

FROEBEL, Friedrich 1782–1852

FROUDE, James Anthony 1818–94

FRY, Elizabeth 1780–1845

FUKUZAWA Yukichi 1835–1901

FULLER, Margaret 1810–49

GALOIS, Evariste 1811–32

GALTON, Sir Francis 1822–1911

GARIBALDI, Giuseppe 1807–82

GASKELL, Elizabeth Cleghorn 1810–65

GAUDI, Antoni 1852–1926

GAUDIER-BRZESKA, Henri 1891–1915

GAUGUIN, Paul 1848–1903

GAUSS, Carl Friederich 1777–1855

GAUTIER, Pierre-Jules-Théophile 1811–72

GÉRICAULT, Théodore 1791–1824

GILBERT, William Schwenck, Sir 183&-1911

GISSING, George Robert 1857–1903

GLADSTONE, William Ewart 1809–98

GLINKA, Mikhail Ivanovich 1804–57

GOBINEAU, Arthur de 1816–82

GODW IN, William 1756–1836

GOETHE, Johann Wolfgang von 1749–1832

GOGOL, Nikolai 1809–52

GONCHAROV, Ivan Alexandrovich 1812–91

GONCOURT, de, Edmond 1822–96 and Jules 1830–70

GOSSE, Edmund William 1849–1928

GOSSE, Philip Henry 1810–88

GOUNOD, Charles (François) 1818–93

GRIEG, Edvard (Hagerup) 1843–1907

GRILLPARZER, Franz 1791–1872

GRIM M, Jacob Ludwig Carl 1785–1863

HAECKEL, Ernst Heinrich 1834–1919

HAGGARD, Sir Henry Rider 1856–1925

HAMSUN, Knut 1859–1952

HARDY, Thomas 1840–1928

HARNACK, Adolf von 1851–1930

HARRIS, Joel Chandler 1848–1908

HARTE, Francis Bret 1836–1902

HAUPTMANN, Gerhart 1862–1946

HAWTHORNE, Nathaniel 1804–64

HAYDON, Benjamin Robert 1786–1846

HAZLITT, William 1778–1830

HEBBEL, Friedrich 1813–63

HEGEL, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich 1770–1831

HEINE, Heinrich 1797–1856

HELMHOLTZ, Hermann Ludwig von 1821–94

HEREDIA, Jośe-Maria de 1842–1905

HERTZ, Heinrich Rudolf 1857–94

HERZEN, Alexandr Ivanovich 1812–70

HERZL, Theodor 1860–1904

Hiroshige Utagawa (Andô) 1797–1858

HOFFMANN, Ernst Theodor Amadeus 1776–1822

Hokusai Katsushika, 1760–1849

HOLABIRD, William 1854–1923

HÖLDERLIN, Johann Christian Friedrich 1770–1843

HOLMES, Oliver Wendell 1809–94

HOMER, Winslow 1836–1910

HONE, William 1780–1842

HOPKINS, Gerard Manley 1844—89

HOUSMAN, Alfred Edward 1859–1936

HOWELLS, William Dean 1837–1920

HUGO, Victor-Marie 1802–85

HUMBOLDT, (Friedrich Heinrich) Alexander von, Baron 1769–1859

HUMBOLDT, (Karl) Wilhelm von, Baron 1767–1835

HUNT, William Holman 1827–1910

HUXLEY, Thomas Henry 1826–95

HUYSMANS, Joris-Karl 1848–1907

IBSEN, Henrik 1828–1906

INGRES, Jean Auguste Dominique 1780–1867

IRVING, Washington 1783–1859

JAMES, Henry 1843–1916

JAMES, William 1842–1910

JARRY, Alfred 1873–1907

JEVONS, William Stanley 1835–82

JOULE, James Prescott 1818–89

JOWETT, Benjamin 1817–93

KEATS, John 1795–1821

KELVIN, Lord (William Thomson) 1824–1907

KIERKEGAARD, Soren Aabye 1813–55

KINGSLEY, Charles 1819–75

KLEIST, Heinrich von 1777–1811

KLIMT, Gustav 1862–1918

KOCH, Heinrich Hermann Robert 1843–1910

KRASIŃSKI, Zygmunt, Count 1812–59

KROPOTKIN, Petr Alekseyevich 1842–1921

LAFORGUE, Jules 1860–87

LAMARCK, Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet de 1744–1829

LAMARTINE, Alphonse-Marie-Louis de Prat de 1790–1869

LAMB, Charles 1775–1834

LANDOR, Walter Savage 1775–1864

LAPLACE, Pierre-Simon, Marquis de 1749–1827

LARRA, Mariano José de 1809–37

LARTET, Edouard Armand Isidore 1801–71

LAUTRÉAMONT, Comte de (Isidore-Lucien DUCASSE) 1846–70

LAWRENCE, Sir Thomas 1769–1830

LEAR, Edward 1812–88

LE FANU, Joseph Thomas Sheridan 1814–73

Leo XIII 1810–1903

LEOPARDI, Giacomo 1798–1837

LERMONTOV, Yuriy Mikhailovich 1814–41

LEWES, George Henry 1817–78

LIEBIG, Justus von 1803—73

LINCOLN, Abraham 1809–65

LIST, Friedrich 1789–1846

LISTER, Joseph 1827–1912

LISZT, Ferencz 1811–86

LIVINGSTONE, David 1813–73

LOBACHEVSKY, Nikolas Ivanovich 1793–1856

LONGFELLOW, Henry Wadsworth 1807–82

LORENTZ, Hendrik Antoon 1853–1928

LOWELL, James Russell 1819–91

LUBBOCK, Sir John (created 1st Baron Avebury, 1900) 1834—1913

LYELL, Charles 1797–1875

MACAULAY, Thomas Babington, Baron Macaulay 1800–59

MACH, Ernst 1838–1916

MACHADO DE ASSIS, Joaquim Maria 1839–1908

MAETERLINCK, Mauritius Polydorus Maria Bernardus 1862–1949

MAHLER, Gustav 1860–1911

MAINE DE BIRAN, Marie François Pierre Gontler 1766–1824

MALLARMÉ, Stéphane 1842–98

MALTHUS, Thomas Robert 1766–1834

MANET, Edouard 1832–83

MANNING, Henry Edward 1808–92

MANZONI, Alessandro 1785–1873

MARC, Franz 1880–1916

MARCONI, Guglielmo 1874–1937

MARRY AT, Captain Frederick 1792–1848

MARTI, José 1853–1905

MARTIN, John 1789–1854

MARTINEAU, Harriet 1802–76

MARX, Karl Heinrich 1818–83

MAUPASSANT, Henri René Albert Guy de 1850–93

MAXWELL, James Clerk 1831–79

MAZZINI, Giuseppe 1805–72

MELVILLE, Herman 1819–91

MENDEL, Gregor 1822–84

MENDELEYEV, Dmitry Ivanovitch 1834–1907

MENDELSSOHN-BARTHOLDY, Jakob Ludwig Felix 1809–47

MEREDITH, George 1828–1909

MÉRIMÉE, Prosper 1803–70

MEYERBEER, Giacomo 1791–1864

MICHELET, Jules 1798–1874

MICKIEWICZ, Adam Bernard 1798–1855

MILL, James 1773–1836

MILL, John Stuart 180G—73

MILLAIS, Sir John Everett 1829–96

MILLET, Jean François 1814–75

MOMMSEN, Theodor 1817–1903

MONET, Claude 1840–1926

MOORE, George (Augustus) 1852–1933

MOREAU, Gustave 1826–98

MORELLI, Giovanni 1816–91

MORGAN, Lewis Henry 1818–81

MÖRIKE, Eduard 1804–74

MORRIS, William 1834–96

MORSE, Samuel Finlay Breese 1791–1872

MOSCA, Gaetano 1858–1941

MURRAY, Sir James 1837–1915

MUSSET, (Louis-Charles-) Alfred de 1810–57

MUSSORGSKY, Modest Petrovich 1839–81

Napoleon Bonaparte 1769–1821

NASH, John 1752–1835

NERVAL, Gérard de (Gérard Labrunie) 1808–55

NEWMAN, John Henry, Cardinal 1801–90

NIETZSCHE, Friedrich 1844–1900

NIGHTINGALE, Florence 1820–1910

NOBEL, Alfred Bernhard 1833–96

NORWID, Cyprian Kamil 1821–83

OFFENBACH, Jacques (Jacob) 1819–80

O'GRADY, Standish James 1846–1928

OWEN, Robert 1771–1857

PAGANINI, Niccolo 1782–1840

PALMER, Samuel 1805–81

PARKMAN, Francis 1823–93

PARNELL, Charles Stewart 1846–91

PARRY, Charles Hubert Hastings 1848–1918

PASCOLI, Giovanni 1855–1912

PASTEUR, Louis 1822–95

PATER, Walter Horatio 1830–94

PAVLOV, Ivan Petrovich 1849–1936

PAXTON, Sir Joseph 1803–65

PEACOCK, Thomas Love 1785–1866

PEARSON, Karl 1857–1936

PEIRCE, Charles Sanders 1839–1914

PÉREZ GALDÓS, Benito 1843–1920

PETRIE, Sir William Matthew Flinders 1853—1942

PISSARRO, Camille 1831–1903

PITT RIVERS, Augustus Lane Fox 1827–1900

POE, Edgar Allan 1809–49

POINCARÉ, Henri 1854–1912

PRESCOTT, William Hickling 1796–1859

PROUDHON, Pierre-Joseph 1809–65

PUCCINI, Giacomo 185&-1924

PUGIN, Augustus Welby Northmore 1812–52

PUSHKIN, Aleksandre 1799–1837

PUVIS DE CHAVANNES, Pierre 1824–98

RACHMANINOV, Sergei 1873–1943

RANKE, Leopold von 1795–1885

REDON, Odilon 1840–1916

RENAN, Joseph-Ernest 1823–92

RENOIR, Pierre-Auguste 1841–1919

RIBOT, Théodule-Armand 1839–1916

RICARDO, David 1772–1823

RICHARDSON, Henry Hobson 1838–86

RIEMANN, Georg Friedrich Bernhard 1826–66

RIMBAUD, Arthur 1854–91

RIMSKY-KORSAKOV, Nikolay Andreyevich 1844–1908

RITSCHL, Albrecht Benjamin 1822–89

ROBERTSON, John Mackinnon 1856–1933

RODIN, François-Auguste-René 1840–1917

RODÓ, José Enrique 1872–1917

ROLFE, Frederick William 1860–1913

ROSSETTI, Christina Georgina 1830–94

ROSSETTI, Dante Gabriel (Gabriel Charles Dante Rossetti) 1828–82

ROSSINI, Gioachino 1792–1868

ROSTAND, Edmond 1868–1918

ROUSSEAU, Henri (known as Le Douanier) 1844–1910

ROY, Ram Mohun 1772–1833

RUSKIN, John 1819–1900

Saigō Takamori 1828–77

SAINTE-BEUVE, Charles Augustin 1804–69

SAINT-SAËNS, (Charles) Camille 1835–1921

SAINT-SIMON, Claude-Henri de Rouvroy, Comte de 1760–1825

SAND, George (Amantine-Aurore-Lucile Dupin) 1804–76

SARDOU, Victorien 1831–1908

SARGENT, John Singer 1856–1925

SARMIENTO, Domingo Faustino 1811–88

SCHELLING, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph 1775–1854

SCHINKEL, Carl Friedrich 1781–1841

SCHLEGEL, August Wilhelm (vol) 1767–1845

SCHLEGEL, (Carl Wilhelm) Friedrich (von) 1772–1829

SCHLEIERMACHER, Friedrich 1768–1834

SCHLIEMANN, Heinrich 1822–90

SCHOPENHAUER, Arthur 1788–1860

SCHREINER, Olive 1855–1920

SCHUBERT, Franz 1797–1828

SCHUMANN, Robert Alexander 1810–56

SCOTT, George Gilbert 1811–78

SCOTT, Sir Walter 1771–1832

SCRIABIN, Aleksandr Nikolayevich 1872–1915 (also SKRYABIN, SCRIABINE, SKRJABIN)

SEURAT, Georges Pierre 1859–91

SHAW, Richard Norman 1831–1912

SHELLEY, Mary 1797–1851

SHELLEY, Percy Bysshe 1792–1822

SICKERT, Walter Richard 1860–1942

SIDGWICK, Henry 1838–1900

SISLEY, Alfred 1839–99

SISMONDI, Jean Charles Leonard Simonde de 1773–1842

SMETANA, Bedfich 1824–84

SMILES, Samuel 1812–1904

SMITH, Joseph 1805–44

SMITH, William Robertson 1846–94

SOANE, Sir John 1753–1837

SOREL, Georges 1847–1922

SOUTHEY, Robert 1774–1843

SPENCER Herbert 1820–1903

SPOHR, Louis 1784—1859

STAËL, Anne Louise Germaine (Madame de) 1766–1817

STANFORD, Sir Charles Villiers 1852–1924

STANLEY, Henry Morton 1841–1904

STANTON, Elizabeth Cady 1815–1902

STENDHAL (pseudonym of Marie-Henri BEYLE) 1783–1842

STEPHEN, James Fitzjames 1829–94

STEPHEN, Leslie 1832–1904

STEPHENSON, George 1781–1848

STEVENSON, Robert Louis (Robert Lewis Balfour Stevenson) 1850–94

STIFTER, Adalbert 1805–68

STOWE, Harriet Beecher 1811–96

STRAUSS, David Friedrich 1808–74

STRAUSS, Johann 1825–99

STRINDBERG, Johan August 1849–1912

SULLIVAN, Sir Arthur 1842–1900

SULLIVAN Louis Henry 1856–1924

SWINBURNE, Algernon Charles 1837–1909

SYNGE, John Millington 1871–1909

TAINE, Hippolyte-Adolphe 1828–93

Takizawa Bakin 1767–1848

TCHAIKOVSKY, Peter Ilich 1840–93

TELFORD, Thomas 1757–1834

TENNYSON, Alfred, Lord 1809–92

THACKERAY, William Makepeace 1811–63

THOMAS, Philip Edward 1878–1917

THOREAU, Henry David 1817–62

TOCQUEVILLE, Alexis de 1805–59

TOENNIES, Ferdinand 1855–1936

TOLSTOY, Lev Nikolaevich (Count) 1828–1910

TOULOUSE-LAUTREC, Henri de 1864–1901

TOUSSAINT-LOUVERTURE, François Dominique 1746–1803

TRELAWNY, Edward John 1792–1881

TROELTSCH, Ernst 1865–1923

TROLLOPE, Anthony 1815–82

TURGENEV, Ivan Sergeyevich 1818–83

TURNER, Joseph Mallord William 1775–1851

TWAIN, Mark (Samuel Langhorne Clemens) 1835–1910

TYLOR, Sir Edward Burnett 1832–1917

UTRILLO, Maurice 1883–1955

VALLÈS, Jules Louis Joseph 1832–85

VAN GOGH, Vincent 1853–90

VERDI, Giuseppe 1813–1901

VERGA, Giovanni 1840–1922

VERLAINE, Paul 1844–96

VERNE, Jules 1828–1905

VICTORIA and ALBERT 1819–1901 and 1819–61

VIGNY, Alfred-Victor de 1797–1863

VIOLLET-LE-DUC, Eugène 1814–79

VUILLARD, Edouard 1868–1940

WAGNER, Richard 1813–83

WALLACE, Alfred Russel 1823–1913

WARD, Mary Augusta (Mrs Humphry Ward) 1851–1920

WASHINGTON, Booker Taliaferro 1856–1915

WEBER, Carl Maria Friedrich Ernst von 1786–1826

WEBSTER, Noah 1758–1843

WEDEKIND, Benjamin Franklin (Frank) 1864—1918

WHISTLER, James Abbot McNeill 1834–1903

WHITMAN, Walt 1819–92

WHITNEY, Eli 1765–1825

WHITTIER, John Greenleaf 1807–92

WILBERFORCE, William 1759–1833

WILDE, Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills 1854—1900

WISTER, Owen 1860–1938

WOLF, Hugo 1860–1903

WORDSWORTH, William 1770–1850

WUNDT, Wilhelm 1832–1920

YOUNG, Thomas 1773–1829

ZOLA, Émile 1840–1902