ABSTRACT

Founded upon the psychoevolutionary theories of Darwin, Plutchik and Izard, a general socioevolutionary theory of the emotions - affect-spectrum theory - classifies a wide spectrum of the emotions and analyzes them on the sociological, psychological and neurobiological levels.

This neurocognitive sociology of the emotions supersedes the major theoretical perspectives developed in the sociology of emotions by showing primary emotions to be adaptive reactions to fundamental problems of life which have evolved into elementary social relationships and which can predict occurrences of the entire spectrum of primary, complex secondary, and tertiary emotions.

Written by leading social theorist Warren D. TenHouten, this book presents an encyclopaedic classification of the emotions, describing forty-six emotions in detail, and presenting a general multilevel theory of emotions and social life. The scope of coverage of this key work is highly topical and comprehensive, and includes the development of emotions in childhood, symbolic elaboration of complex emotions, emotions management, violence, and cultural and gender differences. While primary emotions have clearly defined valences, this theory shows that complex emotions obey no algebraic law and that all emotions have both creative and destructive potentialities.

 

chapter 1|9 pages

Introduction

chapter 3|25 pages

The four pairs of opposite primary emotions

Acceptance and disgust, joy and sadness, anger and fear, anticipation and surprise

chapter 4|23 pages

Secondary emotions

The four pairs of opposite primary dyads – love and misery, pride and embarrassment, aggressiveness and alarm, curiosity and cynicism

chapter 5|12 pages

Secondary emotions, continued

The four pairs of half-opposite secondary dyads – dominance and submissiveness, optimism and pessimism, delight and disappointment, repugnance and contempt

chapter 6|17 pages

Secondary emotions, continued

The eight tertiary dyads – resourcefulness and shock, morbidness and resignation, sullenness and guilt, anxiety and outrage

chapter 7|11 pages

Secondary emotions, continued

The four antithetical, quaternary dyads – ambivalence, catharsis, frozenness, confusion

chapter 8|16 pages

The sociorelational approach to the emotions

Four elementary forms of sociality

chapter 9|13 pages

Affect-spectrum theory

The emotions of rationality and of intimacy

chapter 10|30 pages

Affect-spectrum theory, continued

The emotions linking informal community and formal society; a typology of four character structures

chapter 11|19 pages

Social identity and social control

Pride and embarrassment, pridefulness and shame

chapter 12|9 pages

Socialization and the emotions

From alexithymia to symbolic elaboration and creativity

chapter 13|28 pages

The development of tertiary emotions

Jealousy, envy, ambition, confidence, and hope

chapter 14|13 pages

Emotions, violence, and the self

Vengefulness and hatred

chapter 16|4 pages

Discussion