ABSTRACT

The Routledge Encyclopedia of Ancient Mediterranean Religions is the first comprehensive single-volume reference work offering authoritative coverage of ancient religions in the Mediterranean world. Chronologically, the volume’s scope extends from pre-historical antiquity in the third millennium B.C.E. through the rise of Islam in the seventh century C.E. An interdisciplinary approach draws out the common issues and elements between and among religious traditions in the Mediterranean basin. Key features of the volume include:

  • Detailed maps of the Mediterranean World, ancient Egypt, the Roman Empire, and the Hellenistic World
  • A comprehensive timeline of major events, innovations, and individuals, divided by region to provide both a diachronic and pan-Mediterranean, synchronic view
  • A broad geographical range including western Asia, northern Africa, and southern Europe

This encyclopedia will serve as a key point of reference for all students and scholars interested in ancient Mediterranean culture and society.

letter |116 pages

A

entry |2 pages

Aaron

entry |1 pages

Abaton

entry |1 pages

Abaye

entry |2 pages

Abbahu, Rabbi

entry |1 pages

ʿAbbasids

entry |2 pages

ʿAbd al-Malik

entry |1 pages

Abercius, Inscription of

entry |1 pages

Abgar

entry |1 pages

Abgar Legend

entry |1 pages

Abomination of Desolation

entry |2 pages

Abraham

entry |1 pages

Abrasax

entry |2 pages

Absolution

entry |1 pages

ʿAbu Bakr

entry |2 pages

Abu Simbel

entry |1 pages

Abydos

entry |1 pages

Abzu

entry |1 pages

Achaemenid

entry |1 pages

Acolyte

entry |2 pages

Acropolis

entry |1 pages

Acta Pilati

entry |2 pages

Acts of the Apostles

entry |2 pages

Adam

entry |2 pages

Adam, Apocalypse of

entry |1 pages

Adapa

entry |2 pages

Adiabene

entry |1 pages

Adonai: See YHWH

entry |1 pages

Adonis

entry |1 pages

Adoptionism

entry |2 pages

Aedes

entry |1 pages

Aelius Aristides

entry |2 pages

Aeneas

entry |1 pages

Aeneas of Gaza

entry |2 pages

Aeschylus

entry |3 pages

Afterlife

entry |1 pages

Agape

entry |1 pages

Agatha

entry |2 pages

Agathias

entry |2 pages

Aggadah

entry |1 pages

Agnes

entry |2 pages

Agora

entry |1 pages

Ahiqar, Proverbs of

entry |2 pages

Ahiqar, Tradition of

entry |1 pages

Ahl al-Bayt

entry |1 pages

Ahl al-Kitab

entry |2 pages

Ahura Mazdā

entry |2 pages

ʿAin Dara

entry |1 pages

Aion

entry |1 pages

Aker

entry |2 pages

Akh

entry |1 pages

Akhenaten

entry |2 pages

Akitu Ceremony

entry |1 pages

Akiva, Rabbi

entry |2 pages

Alexander of Abonouteichos

entry |2 pages

Alexander the Great

entry |2 pages

Alexandria

entry |2 pages

Alexandrine Liturgy

entry |1 pages

ʿAli b. Abi Talib

entry |1 pages

ʿAlids

entry |2 pages

Allah

entry |2 pages

Allat

entry |2 pages

Allegory

entry |3 pages

Almsgiving

entry |1 pages

Alpha and Omega

entry |6 pages

Altar

entry |1 pages

Amarna

entry |2 pages

Ambrose of Milan

entry |1 pages

Ambrosiaster

entry |2 pages

Amenti

entry |2 pages

Amesha Spentas

entry |1 pages

Amidah

entry |2 pages

Amon

entry |1 pages

Amoraim

entry |2 pages

Amos

entry |1 pages

Amphictyony

entry |2 pages

Amsar: See Misr

entry |2 pages

Amulet

entry |1 pages

Amurru

entry |1 pages

Anat

entry |3 pages

Ancestor Cult

entry |2 pages

Anchorite

entry |1 pages

Ancilla Dei

entry |1 pages

Andania

entry |1 pages

Andrew

entry |2 pages

Angel

entry |2 pages

Angelology

entry |1 pages

Anhur

entry |2 pages

Ankh

entry |1 pages

Anna Perenna

entry |2 pages

Antinous

entry |2 pages

Antioch

entry |2 pages

Antiochus IV

entry |1 pages

Antony

entry |1 pages

Anu

entry |1 pages

Anubis

entry |2 pages

Anuket

entry |1 pages

Anuna

entry |1 pages

Apelles

entry |2 pages

Apep

entry |2 pages

Aphrodisias

entry |2 pages

Aphrodite

entry |1 pages

Apis

entry |4 pages

Apocalypticism

entry |1 pages

Apocolocyntosis

entry |1 pages

Apocrypha

entry |2 pages

Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles

entry |2 pages

Apocryphon of John

entry |1 pages

Apokatastasis

entry |1 pages

Apollinaris of Laodicea

entry |2 pages

Apollo

entry |2 pages

Apollonius of Tyana

entry |2 pages

Apologetics

entry |1 pages

Apophthegmata Patrum

entry |2 pages

Apostasy

entry |1 pages

Apostle

entry |1 pages

Apostles' Creed

entry |2 pages

Apostolic Fathers

entry |1 pages

Apostolic Succession

entry |1 pages

Apotheosis

entry |2 pages

Apotropaic

entry |1 pages

Apuleius

entry |2 pages

Aqedah

entry |1 pages

Aqhat

entry |2 pages

Aqsa Mosque

entry |1 pages

Aquila and Prisca

entry |2 pages

Aquila of Sinope

entry |1 pages

Ara Maxima

entry |1 pages

Ara Pacis Augustae

entry |2 pages

Arabia

entry |2 pages

ʿArabiyya

entry |1 pages

Arad

entry |2 pages

Aramaic

entry |1 pages

Arch of Titus

entry |2 pages

Archisynagogos

entry |1 pages

Archontics

entry |1 pages

Arda Wiraz

entry |2 pages

Ardashir I

entry |1 pages

Ares

entry |2 pages

Arianism

entry |2 pages

Aristides of Athens

entry |1 pages

Aristobulus

entry |1 pages

Aristophanes

entry |2 pages

Aristotle

entry |2 pages

Ark of the Covenant

entry |1 pages

Arnobius of Sicca

entry |1 pages

Arsacid

entry |1 pages

Artapanus

entry |1 pages

Arval Brethren

entry |2 pages

Asceticism

entry |1 pages

Asher

entry |2 pages

Asherah

entry |1 pages

Ashimaʾ

entry |2 pages

Asklepios

entry |1 pages

Associators

entry |1 pages

Assumption

entry |1 pages

Assur

entry |1 pages

Astarte

entry |2 pages

Astrology

entry |1 pages

Astronomy

entry |2 pages

Egyptian

entry |1 pages

Babylonian

entry |2 pages

Greek and Roman

entry |1 pages

Asylum

entry |2 pages

Atarshamain

entry |1 pages

Atê

entry |2 pages

Aten

entry |1 pages

Athanasian Creed

entry |2 pages

Athanasius of Alexandria

entry |1 pages

Athena

entry |2 pages

Athenagoras

entry |1 pages

Athirat

entry |1 pages

Atrahasis

entry |1 pages

Attica

entry |1 pages

Attis

entry |2 pages

Atum

entry |1 pages

Augur

entry |1 pages

Augustales

entry |2 pages

Augustine of Hippo

entry |1 pages

Augustine, Rule of

entry |3 pages

Augustus

entry |1 pages

Auspices

entry |1 pages

Avesta

entry |2 pages

Avot De-Rabbi Natan

letter |36 pages

B

entry |2 pages

Ba

entry |1 pages

Ba-house

entry |2 pages

Baʿal

entry |2 pages

Baʿal Cycle

entry |1 pages

Baʿal Shemayin

entry |2 pages

Baʿal Zaphon

entry |1 pages

Baʿal Zebub

entry |2 pages

Baalam: See Deir Alla

entry |2 pages

Baʿalat Gebal

entry |1 pages

Babatha

entry |1 pages

Baboon, Sacred

entry |1 pages

Bacchai

entry |2 pages

Bacchanalia

entry |2 pages

Bacchantes

entry |1 pages

Bacchus

entry |2 pages

Baghdad

entry |1 pages

Bahira

entry |2 pages

Balaam

entry |1 pages

Balbina

entry |2 pages

Bamah

entry |2 pages

Baptism

entry |2 pages

Baptistery

entry |1 pages

Bar Kokhba

entry |1 pages

Bar Penkaye, John

entry |2 pages

Bardaisan of Edessa

entry |1 pages

Barnabas

entry |1 pages

Barnabas, Epistle of

entry |2 pages

Bartholomew

entry |1 pages

Bartholomew, Gospel of

entry |1 pages

1 Baruch

entry |2 pages

2 Baruch

entry |1 pages

3 Baruch

entry |1 pages

4 Baruch

entry |1 pages

Basil of Amasea

entry |1 pages

Basil of Caesarea

entry |2 pages

Basilica: See Church

entry |2 pages

Basilides

entry |1 pages

Bast

entry |1 pages

Beit Alpha

entry |2 pages

Beit Sheʿarim

entry |1 pages

Bel: See Marduk

entry |1 pages

Believers

entry |1 pages

Bellona

entry |2 pages

Ben Sira

entry |2 pages

Bene ʾEl

entry |1 pages

Benedict, Rule of

entry |2 pages

Benjamin

entry |1 pages

Bentresh Stele

entry |2 pages

Berossos

entry |1 pages

Bet Midrash: See Yeshiva

entry |1 pages

Bes

entry |2 pages

Bethel

entry |1 pages

Bethlehem

entry |1 pages

Bethsaida

entry |2 pages

Betrothal

entry |1 pages

Betyl

entry |2 pages

Bible

entry |1 pages

Birkat Ha-minim

entry |1 pages

Birth House

entry |2 pages

Birth of the Beautiful Gods

entry |2 pages

Birth Rituals

entry |2 pages

Bishop: See Episcopos

entry |2 pages

Blessings, Jewish

entry |1 pages

Book of the Dead

entry |1 pages

Bozrah

entry |1 pages

Brauron

entry |1 pages

Bridal Chamber

entry |2 pages

Brit: See Covenant

entry |2 pages

Bronze Age

entry |2 pages

Bull Imagery

entry |1 pages

Bull of Heaven

entry |2 pages

Burial: See Funerary Ritual

entry |2 pages

Byzantine Empire

entry |1 pages

Byzantine Rite

letter |76 pages

C

entry |2 pages

Caesar, Julius

entry |1 pages

Caesarea Maritima

entry |1 pages

Caesarea Philippi

entry |2 pages

Cairo Geniza

entry |7 pages

Calendar

entry |2 pages

Egyptian Calendars

entry |2 pages

The Babylonian Calendar

entry |1 pages

Jewish Calendars

entry |3 pages

Greek Calendars

entry |2 pages

Roman Calendars

entry |2 pages

Islamic Calendar

entry |2 pages

Caliph

entry |1 pages

Callixtus

entry |1 pages

Campus Martius

entry |1 pages

Cana

entry |1 pages

Canaan

entry |2 pages

Canon of the New Testament

entry |2 pages

Canopic Jars

entry |2 pages

Capitoline Triad

entry |1 pages

Capitolium

entry |1 pages

Cappadocian Fathers

entry |1 pages

Carmen Saeculare

entry |2 pages

Carthage

entry |1 pages

Cartonnage

entry |1 pages

Cartouche

entry |2 pages

Castor and Pollux

entry |2 pages

Catacomb

entry |1 pages

Catechumen

entry |2 pages

Catharsis

entry |2 pages

Cautes and Cautopates

entry |1 pages

Cave of Treasures

entry |1 pages

Cave Sanctuaries

entry |2 pages

Cecilia

entry |1 pages

Cella

entry |1 pages

Celsus

entry |2 pages

Centaur

entry |1 pages

Ceres

entry |2 pages

Chalcedon, Council of

entry |1 pages

Chaldean Oracles

entry |1 pages

Charon

entry |2 pages

Charter of Urso

entry |1 pages

Cherubim

entry |1 pages

Chi Rho

entry |1 pages

Chrism

entry |3 pages

Christ

entry |3 pages

Christian

entry |2 pages

Christmas

entry |1 pages

Christology

entry |2 pages

Chronicle of Eusebius

entry |1 pages

Chronicles, Book of

entry |2 pages

Chronicon Paschale

entry |1 pages

Chrysanthus and Daria

entry |2 pages

Chthonian

entry |3 pages

Church

entry |2 pages

Church of Rome

entry |2 pages

Cicero

entry |2 pages

Circumcision

entry |1 pages

Circus

entry |2 pages

Clement of Alexandria

entry |1 pages

Clement of Rome

entry |1 pages

Clementine Romance: See Pseudo-Clementines

entry |1 pages

Cleodemus Malchus

entry |1 pages

Codex Alexandrinus

entry |1 pages

Codex Bezae

entry |1 pages

Codex Bruce

entry |1 pages

Codex Sinaiticus

entry |2 pages

Codex Tchacos

entry |1 pages

Codex Vaticanus

entry |2 pages

Collegia

entry |1 pages

Colossians, Epistle to the

entry |2 pages

Columbarium

entry |1 pages

Community Rule

entry |2 pages

Companions

entry |1 pages

Compitalia

entry |1 pages

Confessio

entry |1 pages

Constantia

entry |2 pages

Constantine

entry |2 pages

Constantinople

entry |1 pages

Constantinople, First Council of

entry |1 pages

Constantinople, Second Council of

entry |2 pages

Constitution of Medina

entry |1 pages

Contendings of Horus and Seth

entry |5 pages

Conversion

entry |1 pages

Copper Scroll

entry |1 pages

Coptic

entry |2 pages

Coptic Christianity

entry |2 pages

Corinth

entry |2 pages

Corinthians, Epistles to the

entry |2 pages

Corpse

entry |2 pages

Cosmas and Damian

entry |3 pages

Cosmogony

entry |2 pages

Covenant

entry |2 pages

Creation: See Cosmogony

entry |2 pages

Crete

entry |2 pages

Ctesiphon

entry |1 pages

Cult

entry |2 pages

Cult Centralization

entry |2 pages

Cult of the Saints

entry |1 pages

Cult Stands

entry |1 pages

Cult Statue

entry |2 pages

Mesopotamia

entry |2 pages

Egypt and Northwest Semitic Areas, Including Israel

entry |2 pages

Greece and Rome

entry |1 pages

Cumae

entry |2 pages

Curse Tablets

entry |2 pages

Cylinder Seals

entry |1 pages

Cyprian of Carthage

entry |2 pages

Cyprus

entry |1 pages

Cyril of Alexandria

entry |1 pages

Cyril of Jerusalem

entry |1 pages

Cyrus

letter |52 pages

D

entry |1 pages

Dagan

entry |2 pages

Daimon

entry |1 pages

Dajjal

entry |2 pages

Damascus Document

entry |1 pages

Damasus

entry |2 pages

Dan

entry |1 pages

Daniel

entry |1 pages

Daniel, Apocalypses of

entry |1 pages

Daughters of Allah

entry |2 pages

David, King

entry |2 pages

Davidic King

entry |1 pages

Deacon

entry |2 pages

Deaconess

entry |1 pages

Dead Gods

entry |2 pages

Dead Sea Scrolls

entry |2 pages

Debate of a Man with His Ba

entry |1 pages

Decalogue

entry |2 pages

Decius

entry |1 pages

Dedications

entry |2 pages

Defilement: See Ritual Pollution

entry |2 pages

Deification

entry |2 pages

Deir Alla

entry |2 pages

Delos

entry |2 pages

Delphi

entry |2 pages

Demeter

entry |1 pages

Demetrius the Chronographer

entry |1 pages

Demiurge

entry |2 pages

Demon

entry |2 pages

Demonology

entry |2 pages

Dendera

entry |1 pages

Derveni Papyrus

entry |2 pages

Descent of Ishtar

entry |2 pages

Determinism

entry |2 pages

Deuteronomistic History

entry |1 pages

Deuteronomy

entry |2 pages

Devil

entry |2 pages

Devotio

entry |1 pages

Dhimmi

entry |1 pages

Dhu'l-Qarnayn: See Alexander the Great

entry |1 pages

Diana

entry |1 pages

Diaspora

entry |1 pages

Didache

entry |2 pages

Didascalia Apostolorum

entry |1 pages

Didymus the Blind

entry |1 pages

Dies Natalis

entry |2 pages

Dinah

entry |1 pages

Diocletian

entry |2 pages

Diodore of Tarsos

entry |1 pages

Diognetus, Epistle to

entry |2 pages

Dionysius Exiguus

entry |1 pages

Dionysius the Pseudo-Areopagite

entry |2 pages

Dionysos

entry |1 pages

Dioskouroi: See Castor and Pollux

entry |1 pages

Di Manes

entry |2 pages

Dis

entry |1 pages

Disciple

entry |1 pages

Divi Filius

entry |6 pages

Divination

entry |1 pages

Ancient Egypt

entry |2 pages

Mesopotamia

entry |1 pages

West-Semitic Cultures and Ancient Israel

entry |1 pages

Persia

entry |2 pages

Greece

entry |1 pages

Etruria

entry |1 pages

Rome

entry |1 pages

Arabia

entry |2 pages

Divine Assembly

entry |1 pages

Do Ut Des

entry |2 pages

Docetism

entry |2 pages

Documentary Hypothesis

entry |1 pages

Dolichenus, Jupiter

entry |2 pages

Dome of the Rock

entry |3 pages

Domestic Religion

entry |2 pages

Donatists

entry |3 pages

Dreams

entry |2 pages

Druids

entry |2 pages

Dualism

entry |1 pages

Dumuzi

entry |2 pages

Dura Europos

entry |1 pages

Dushara

entry |1 pages

Dying and Rising God

entry |1 pages

Dyophysite

letter |54 pages

E

entry |1 pages

E

entry |2 pages

Ea

entry |2 pages

Easter

entry |1 pages

Ebal, Mt

entry |2 pages

Ebionites

entry |1 pages

Ebla

entry |1 pages

Ecclesiastes

entry |1 pages

Ecumenical Council

entry |2 pages

Edessa

entry |1 pages

Edfu

entry |2 pages

Edict of Milan

entry |1 pages

Edict of Toleration

entry |2 pages

Edom

entry |1 pages

Egeria

entry |3 pages

Ein Gedi: See Qumran

entry |2 pages

EL

entry |1 pages

Elagabalus

entry |2 pages

Elam

entry |2 pages

Elat

entry |1 pages

Eldad and Modad

entry |2 pages

Elephantine

entry |1 pages

Eleusis

entry |2 pages

Eliezer ben Hyrcanus

entry |1 pages

Elijah, Apocalypse of

entry |1 pages

Elisha ben Abuye

entry |2 pages

Elohim

entry |2 pages

Emar

entry |1 pages

Encratites

entry |2 pages

Enki: See Ea

entry |2 pages

Enkidu

entry |1 pages

Enlil

entry |2 pages

Ennead

entry |1 pages

1 Enoch

entry |2 pages

2 Enoch

entry |1 pages

3 Enoch

entry |2 pages

Enuma Elish

entry |1 pages

Ephesians, Epistle to the

entry |4 pages

Ephesos

entry |1 pages

Ephesos, Council of

entry |1 pages

Ephod

entry |1 pages

Ephraim

entry |2 pages

Ephrem the Syrian

entry |1 pages

Epicureanism

entry |2 pages

Epidauros

entry |3 pages

Epigraphy

entry |1 pages

Epiphanius of Salamis

entry |1 pages

Episcopos

entry |2 pages

Epithets

entry |1 pages

Epulones

entry |1 pages

Erechtheion

entry |1 pages

Ereshkigal

entry |1 pages

Eridu

entry |2 pages

Erinyes

entry |1 pages

Eros

entry |2 pages

Erra

entry |1 pages

Esangil

entry |2 pages

Eshmun

entry |1 pages

Esna

entry |2 pages

Essenes

entry |1 pages

Esther

entry |2 pages

Etemenanki

entry |1 pages

Ethnarch

entry |1 pages

Etrog

entry |2 pages

Etrusca Disciplina

entry |3 pages

Etruscans

entry |2 pages

Eucharist

entry |2 pages

Euergetism

entry |1 pages

Eulalia

entry |1 pages

Eupolemus

entry |1 pages

Euripides

entry |2 pages

Eusebius of Caesarea

entry |1 pages

Eusebius of Nicomedia

entry |2 pages

Evagrios Pontikos

entry |1 pages

Evangelist

entry |2 pages

Eve

entry |1 pages

Evocatio

entry |1 pages

Exilarch

entry |2 pages

Exile

entry |1 pages

Exodus

entry |3 pages

Exorcism

entry |1 pages

Ancient Near East

entry |2 pages

Israelite

entry |1 pages

Christian

entry |2 pages

Expiation

entry |3 pages

Extispicy

entry |1 pages

Ezekiel

entry |2 pages

Ezekiel the Tragedian

entry |1 pages

Ezida

entry |2 pages

Ezra

entry |1 pages

4 Ezra

entry |1 pages

Ezra, Vision of

letter |24 pages

F

entry |2 pages

Falcon

entry |1 pages

Fanum

entry |1 pages

Fascinus

entry |2 pages

Fasti

entry |1 pages

Fasti

entry |2 pages

Fasting

entry |1 pages

Fate

entry |3 pages

Greece and Rome

entry |2 pages

Judaism

entry |1 pages

Christianity

entry |2 pages

Faunus

entry |1 pages

Feast of the Valley

entry |1 pages

Felicitas

entry |2 pages

Feriae Latinae

entry |1 pages

Feriale Duranum

entry |1 pages

Fetial

entry |2 pages

Fides

entry |3 pages

Figurines

entry |2 pages

Filioque

entry |2 pages

Fiqh

entry |1 pages

Fire, The

entry |2 pages

First Temple

entry |1 pages

Fiscus Judaicus

entry |2 pages

Fitna

entry |1 pages

Flamen

entry |1 pages

Flavia Domitilla

entry |2 pages

Fortuna

entry |2 pages

Frawahar

entry |3 pages

Free Will: See Fate

entry |3 pages

Funerary Rituals

entry |2 pages

North Africa

entry |2 pages

Near East

entry |2 pages

Greek World

entry |2 pages

Roman World

entry |1 pages

Al-Furqan

letter |18 pages

G

entry |1 pages

Galatians

entry |2 pages

Galerius

entry |1 pages

Galilee

entry |2 pages

Galli

entry |1 pages

Gamaliel

entry |2 pages

Garden, The

entry |1 pages

Geb

entry |2 pages

Genesis

entry |1 pages

Genesis Apocryphon

entry |2 pages

Genius

entry |2 pages

Gentile

entry |1 pages

Geonim

entry |2 pages

Gerizim, MT

entry |1 pages

Gesta Martyrum

entry |2 pages

Gezer, Tel

entry |2 pages

Ghost Rituals

entry |1 pages

Gilgamesh

entry |1 pages

Glossolalia

entry |3 pages

Gnosticism

entry |1 pages

Goat Imagery

entry |2 pages

God's Wife of Amon

entry |2 pages

Godfearers

entry |1 pages

Golgotha

entry |2 pages

Gospels

entry |2 pages

Greek Apocalypse of Ezra

entry |1 pages

Greek Magical Papyri

entry |2 pages

Gregory of Nazianzus

entry |1 pages

Gregory of Nyssa

entry |1 pages

Griffin

letter |66 pages

H

entry |1 pages

Habakkuk

entry |2 pages

Hadad

entry |2 pages

Hades

entry |1 pages

Hadith

entry |2 pages

Hagar

entry |1 pages

Haggadah

entry |2 pages

Haggai

entry |1 pages

Hagia Sophia

entry |2 pages

Hagiography

entry |2 pages

Hajj

entry |2 pages

Halakhah

entry |1 pages

Halakhic Letter

entry |2 pages

Hallel

entry |1 pages

Han-Ilat

entry |2 pages

Hanif

entry |1 pages

Hannah

entry |2 pages

Hanukkah

entry |1 pages

Hapi

entry |1 pages

Haram

entry |2 pages

Harpokrates

entry |2 pages

Harran

entry |2 pages

Haruspices

entry |1 pages

Hasidim

entry |1 pages

Hasmoneans

entry |2 pages

Hathor

entry |2 pages

Havdalah

entry |1 pages

Hazor

entry |1 pages

Healing Cults

entry |1 pages

Mesopotamia

entry |2 pages

Egypt

entry |1 pages

Israel

entry |2 pages

Greece

entry |2 pages

Rome

entry |2 pages

Christianity

entry |2 pages

Heaven

entry |2 pages

Hebrew

entry |2 pages

Hebrew Bible

entry |2 pages

Hebrews, Epistle to the

entry |1 pages

Hebron

entry |1 pages

Hegesippus

entry |2 pages

Hekate

entry |1 pages

Hekhalot Literature

entry |2 pages

Helena

entry |1 pages

Heliogabulus: See Elagabulus

entry |1 pages

Heliopolis

entry |2 pages

Heliopolitanus, Jupiter

entry |1 pages

Helios: See Sol

entry |1 pages

Hell

entry |2 pages

Hellenistic Age

entry |2 pages

Hellenistic Judaism

entry |2 pages

Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers

entry |1 pages

Henotheism

entry |2 pages

Henoticon

entry |1 pages

Hephaistos

entry |2 pages

Hera

entry |1 pages

Heraclius

entry |3 pages

Herakles

entry |1 pages

Herefhaf

entry |2 pages

Herem

entry |4 pages

Heresy

entry |1 pages

Hermes

entry |1 pages

Hermes Trismegistus

entry |2 pages

Hermetica

entry |1 pages

Herms

entry |2 pages

Hero Cult

entry |2 pages

Herod Antipas

entry |1 pages

Herod the Great

entry |2 pages

Herodotos

entry |2 pages

Hesiod

entry |1 pages

Hestia

entry |2 pages

Hezekiah

entry |1 pages

Hierapolis

entry |1 pages

Hierodoulos

entry |2 pages

Hieroglyphs

entry |1 pages

Hierophant

entry |2 pages

High Priest

entry |2 pages

Hijra

entry |1 pages

Hillel

entry |1 pages

Himyar

entry |2 pages

Hippocrates

entry |2 pages

Hippolytus of Rome

entry |1 pages

Historia Monarchorum in Aegypto

entry |2 pages

Holocaust

entry |1 pages

Holy Sepulchre, Church of the

entry |2 pages

Homer

entry |3 pages

Homeric Hymns

entry |1 pages

Homily

entry |1 pages

Homoousion Controversy

entry |2 pages

Honi

entry |1 pages

Horos

entry |3 pages

Horus

entry |1 pages

Hour, The

entry |1 pages

Houri

entry |2 pages

House Church

entry |2 pages

House of Life

entry |1 pages

House of the High Priest

entry |1 pages

House of the Magician Priest

entry |2 pages

Hubris

entry |1 pages

Hud

entry |2 pages

Human Sacrifice

entry |1 pages

Al-Husayn b. ʿAli

entry |2 pages

Hymn

entry |1 pages

Hymn of Rising

entry |1 pages

Hypocrites

entry |2 pages

Hypostasis of the Archons

entry |2 pages

Hypsistos

letter |22 pages

I

entry |1 pages

Iamblichos

entry |2 pages

Iblis: See Devil

entry |2 pages

Icon

entry |1 pages

Iconoclasm

entry |2 pages

Idol

entry |1 pages

Idris

entry |2 pages

Iggeret of Sherira Gaon

entry |1 pages

Igigi

entry |2 pages

Ignatius of Antioch

entry |1 pages

Iliad

entry |1 pages

Imam

entry |4 pages

Imperial Cult

entry |2 pages

Inanna: See Ishtar

entry |2 pages

Inara

entry |1 pages

Incantations

entry |2 pages

Incubation

entry |1 pages

Indigites

entry |1 pages

Infancy Gospel of Thomas

entry |2 pages

Initiate

entry |1 pages

Instauratio

entry |2 pages

Interpretatio Romana

entry |1 pages

Ioannes Lydos

entry |2 pages

Irenaeus of Lyons

entry |1 pages

Isaac

entry |2 pages

Isaiah

entry |2 pages

Ishmael

entry |1 pages

Ishmael Ben Elisha, Rabbi

entry |2 pages

Ishtar

entry |4 pages

Isis

entry |1 pages

Isra ʾiliyyat

entry |2 pages

Israel, Kingdom of

entry |2 pages

Israelites

entry |2 pages

Isthmia

letter |36 pages

J

entry |1 pages

J

entry |2 pages

Jackal, Sacred

entry |1 pages

Jacob

entry |1 pages

Jacob of Serugh

entry |2 pages

Jahiliyya

entry |1 pages

James

entry |2 pages

James Ossuary

entry |1 pages

James, Apocryphon of

entry |1 pages

James, Epistle of

entry |1 pages

James, First Apocalypse of

entry |1 pages

James, Second Apocalypse of

entry |2 pages

Jannes and Jambres

entry |1 pages

Janus

entry |1 pages

Jehoahaz

entry |2 pages

Jephtah, Daughter of

entry |1 pages

Jeremiah

entry |2 pages

Jericho

entry |2 pages

Jeroboam

entry |1 pages

Jerome

entry |4 pages

Jerusalem

entry |2 pages

Jerusalem Council

entry |3 pages

Jesus of Nazareth

entry |2 pages

Jew and Judean

entry |2 pages

Jewish Christians

entry |1 pages

Jihad

entry |2 pages

Jizya

entry |1 pages

Job

entry |2 pages

Joel

entry |1 pages

Johannine Literature

entry |2 pages

John

entry |1 pages

John Chrysostom

entry |2 pages

John the Baptist

entry |1 pages

John, Gospel of

entry |2 pages

Jonah

entry |1 pages

Joseph and Aseneth

entry |2 pages

Joseph of Arimathea

entry |1 pages

Joseph (Father of Jesus)

entry |1 pages

Joseph, History of

entry |2 pages

Joseph (Son of Jacob)

entry |2 pages

Josephus, Flavius

entry |1 pages

Joshua

entry |1 pages

Joshua Ben Hananiah, Rabbi

entry |2 pages

Josiah

entry |1 pages

Jubilee: See Sabbatical year

entry |1 pages

Jubilees, Book of

entry |2 pages

Judah

entry |2 pages

Judah Ha-Nasi, Rabbi

entry |1 pages

Judah Maccabee

entry |2 pages

Judaism

entry |2 pages

Judas Iscariot

entry |1 pages

Judas, Gospel of

entry |1 pages

Jude, Epistle of

entry |1 pages

Judges

entry |1 pages

Julian

entry |2 pages

Junia

entry |1 pages

Juno

entry |3 pages

Jupiter

entry |1 pages

Justin Martyr

entry |2 pages

Justinian

letter |20 pages

K

entry |2 pages

Ka

entry |1 pages

Kaʿba

entry |2 pages

Kabeiroi

entry |1 pages

Kaddish

entry |2 pages

Kahin

entry |1 pages

Kalam

entry |2 pages

Kalû Priest

entry |1 pages

Karbalaʾ, Battle of

entry |2 pages

Karnak

entry |2 pages

Kashrut

entry |1 pages

Kedar, Kingdom of

entry |1 pages

Kedushah

entry |1 pages

Kemosh

entry |2 pages

Kerdir

entry |1 pages

Ketubbah

entry |1 pages

Kharijites

entry |1 pages

Khert-Netjer

entry |1 pages

Khirbet El-Qom

entry |2 pages

Khnum

entry |1 pages

Khonsu

entry |2 pages

Khosrow I

entry |1 pages

Khutba

entry |1 pages

Kings, Books of

entry |1 pages

Kingship, Sacred

entry |1 pages

Kirta Epic

entry |2 pages

Kispu Ceremony

entry |1 pages

Al-Kitab

entry |2 pages

Knossos

entry |1 pages

Kohanim

entry |1 pages

Kom Ombo

entry |1 pages

Kore: See Persephone

entry |1 pages

Kotharat

entry |2 pages

Kronos

entry |1 pages

Kudurru

entry |3 pages

Kybele

entry |1 pages

Kyrios

letter |32 pages

L

entry |2 pages

Lachish

entry |1 pages

Lactantius

entry |2 pages

Ladder of Jacob

entry |1 pages

Lamassu and Shedu

entry |2 pages

Lamentations of Isis and Nephthys

entry |1 pages

Laodicea

entry |2 pages

Lares

entry |1 pages

Largo Argentina

entry |2 pages

Lateran

entry |1 pages

Lausiac History

entry |2 pages

Lavinium

entry |4 pages

Law, Sacred

entry |1 pages

Greek Sacred Law

entry |2 pages

Jewish Sacred Law

entry |1 pages

Roman Sacred Law

entry |1 pages

Lazarus

entry |1 pages

Leah

entry |1 pages

Lectisternium

entry |1 pages

Lector

entry |1 pages

Lent

entry |1 pages

Leontopolis

entry |1 pages

Letter of Aristeas

entry |2 pages

Letter of Peter to Philip

entry |1 pages

Letters to Gods

entry |2 pages

Levi

entry |1 pages

Leviathan

entry |1 pages

Levirate

entry |2 pages

Levites

entry |2 pages

Leviticus

entry |1 pages

Libanius

entry |2 pages

Libation

entry |1 pages

Libellus

entry |2 pages

Liber

entry |1 pages

Liber Pontificalis

entry |2 pages

Life of Adam and Eve

entry |1 pages

Lilith

entry |2 pages

Linear B

entry |1 pages

Litany of Osiris

entry |2 pages

Liturgy

entry |1 pages

Liturgy of John Chrysostom

entry |1 pages

Liturgy of Mark

entry |2 pages

Lituus

entry |1 pages

Lives of the Prophets

entry |2 pages

Livy

entry |1 pages

Logos

entry |2 pages

Lord: See Kyrios

entry |2 pages

Lotus

entry |1 pages

Lucian of Samosata

entry |2 pages

Lucretius

entry |1 pages

Ludi

entry |2 pages

Ludi Saeculares

entry |2 pages

Luke, Gospel of

entry |1 pages

Lulav

entry |2 pages

Lupercalia

entry |1 pages

Lustratio

entry |1 pages

Luxor

entry |1 pages

Lycurgus

letter |82 pages

M

entry |1 pages

Maʿaseh Merkavah

entry |2 pages

Ma'at

entry |1 pages

Macarius

entry |2 pages

1 Maccabees

entry |1 pages

2 Maccabees

entry |1 pages

3 Maccabees

entry |2 pages

4 Maccabees

entry |1 pages

Macrina the Younger

entry |3 pages

Macrobius

entry |1 pages

Madhhab

entry |1 pages

Maenads

entry |1 pages

Magdalene, Mary

entry |1 pages

Magi

entry |4 pages

Magic

entry |1 pages

Magic Bowls, Aramaic

entry |2 pages

Magna Mater: See Kybele

entry |2 pages

Magnificat

entry |1 pages

Malachi

entry |1 pages

Manawat

entry |2 pages

Mania

entry |2 pages

Manichaeism

entry |1 pages

Manna

entry |2 pages

Marcion

entry |1 pages

Marcus the Magician

entry |1 pages

Marduk

entry |3 pages

Mari

entry |1 pages

Mark, Gospel of

entry |2 pages

Mark, Secret Gospel of

entry |3 pages

Marriage

entry |1 pages

Marriage, Sacred

entry |2 pages

Mars

entry |3 pages

Martyr

entry |1 pages

Martyrdom and Ascension of Isaiah

entry |1 pages

Martyrium

entry |2 pages

Mary

entry |2 pages

Mary of Egypt

entry |1 pages

Mary, Gospel of

entry |1 pages

Maryam: See Mary

entry |1 pages

Marzeah

entry |2 pages

Massevot

entry |2 pages

Mastaba

entry |1 pages

Matthew

entry |2 pages

Matthew, Gospel of

entry |1 pages

Mawla

entry |2 pages

Mazdak

entry |1 pages

entry |4 pages

Meals, Sacred

entry |2 pages

Mecca

entry |2 pages

Medea

entry |2 pages

Medina

entry |1 pages

Medinet Habu

entry |2 pages

Megiddo

entry |1 pages

Megillat Taʿanit

entry |2 pages

Meir, Rabbi

entry |1 pages

Mekhilta

entry |1 pages

Melammu

entry |2 pages

Melania

entry |1 pages

Melito of Sardis

entry |2 pages

Melqart

entry |1 pages

Menorah

entry |2 pages

Mercury

entry |1 pages

Merneptah Stele

entry |2 pages

Mesha Stele

entry |2 pages

Messiah

entry |1 pages

Metatron

entry |2 pages

Metroon

entry |1 pages

Miaphysite: See Monophysite

entry |1 pages

Miasma: See Ritual Pollution

entry |1 pages

Micah

entry |2 pages

Midrash

entry |1 pages

Midrash Rabbah

entry |2 pages

Min (God)

entry |1 pages

Min (Heresy)

entry |2 pages

Minaeans

entry |1 pages

Minerva

entry |2 pages

Minucius Felix

entry |1 pages

Miqsat Ma'ase Torah (Mmt): See Halakhic Letter

entry |1 pages

Miqveh

entry |2 pages

Mirabilia Urbis Romae

entry |2 pages

Miracle

entry |1 pages

Mis Pi: See Opening of the Mouth Ceremony

entry |1 pages

Mishnah

entry |2 pages

Misr

entry |1 pages

Mitanni

entry |3 pages

Mithraeum

entry |3 pages

Mithraism

entry |2 pages

Mitzvah

entry |1 pages

Moab

entry |2 pages

Molech

entry |2 pages

Monasticism

entry |2 pages

Monica

entry |1 pages

Monk

entry |2 pages

Monolatry

entry |2 pages

Monophysite

entry |1 pages

Montanism

entry |1 pages

Montu

entry |3 pages

Moses

entry |1 pages

Mosque

entry |2 pages

Mot

entry |3 pages

Muhammad

entry |2 pages

Mummification

entry |1 pages

Muratorian Fragment

entry |2 pages

Muruwwa

entry |1 pages

Musaf

entry |2 pages

Muses

entry |1 pages

Mut

entry |2 pages

Muwattaʾ

entry |1 pages

Muʿtazilites

entry |3 pages

Mycenaeans

entry |2 pages

Mystery Religions

entry |2 pages

Greek Mystery Religions

entry |2 pages

Mystery Religions in the Hellenistic and Roman worlds

entry |2 pages

Mysteries and Christianity

entry |2 pages

Myth

entry |2 pages

History of Study

entry |3 pages

The Use of Myths in the Ancient Mediterranean

entry |2 pages

Myths Shared by Ancient Mediterranean Cultures

entry |2 pages

Myths that Aren't Shared

letter |28 pages

N

entry |2 pages

Nabataeans

entry |1 pages

Nabu

entry |2 pages

Nadītu

entry |2 pages

Nag Hammadi Library

entry |1 pages

Nahariyah

entry |1 pages

Nahum

entry |1 pages

Najran

entry |3 pages

Naked Goddess

entry |1 pages

Name Theology

entry |2 pages

Naphtali

entry |1 pages

Naqsh-e Rustam

entry |2 pages

Nazareth

entry |1 pages

Nazirite

entry |1 pages

Necromancy

entry |1 pages

Nehemiah

entry |2 pages

Neith

entry |1 pages

Nekhbet

entry |1 pages

Nemesis

entry |1 pages

Neokoros

entry |2 pages

Neoplatonism

entry |2 pages

Neopythagoreanism

entry |1 pages

Nephthys

entry |2 pages

Nerab Inscriptions

entry |1 pages

Nergal

entry |2 pages

Nero

entry |2 pages

Nestorius

entry |1 pages

Netinim

entry |2 pages

New Prophecy: See Montanism

entry |2 pages

New Testament

entry |2 pages

Nicaea, First Council of

entry |1 pages

Nicene Creed

entry |1 pages

Nicodemus

entry |2 pages

Nicodemus, Gospel of: See Acta Pilati

entry |1 pages

Night Journey

entry |2 pages

Nike

entry |1 pages

Nile

entry |1 pages

Ningishzida

entry |1 pages

Ninhursag

entry |1 pages

Ninlil

entry |2 pages

Ninurta

entry |1 pages

Nippur

entry |2 pages

Nisibis, School of

entry |1 pages

Noahide Laws

entry |1 pages

Noqdim

entry |1 pages

Novatian

entry |1 pages

Numa

entry |2 pages

Numbers

entry |1 pages

Numen

entry |1 pages

Nun

entry |1 pages

Nut

entry |2 pages

Nymph

letter |24 pages

O

entry |1 pages

Obadiah

entry |2 pages

Obelisk

entry |1 pages

Obsequens, Julius

entry |1 pages

Odes of Solomon

entry |2 pages

Odyssey

entry |1 pages

Offering Table

entry |2 pages

Oikos

entry |2 pages

Olympia

entry |2 pages

Olympians

entry |2 pages

Olympos, MT

entry |2 pages

Omens

entry |1 pages

Omer

entry |2 pages

Omobono, San

entry |1 pages

Oneiromancy: See Dreams

entry |1 pages

Onias III

entry |1 pages

Onias IV

entry |2 pages

Opening of the Mouth

entry |1 pages

Opet Festival

entry |3 pages

Oracle

entry |2 pages

Oral Torah

entry |1 pages

Orans

entry |2 pages

Oriental Cults

entry |1 pages

Origen of Alexandria

entry |2 pages

Original Sin

entry |2 pages

Orosius

entry |1 pages

Orphic Gold Tablets

entry |4 pages

Orphism

entry |2 pages

Orthodoxy

entry |2 pages

Orthopraxy

entry |2 pages

Osiris

entry |1 pages

Ossuary

entry |2 pages

Ovid

entry |1 pages

Oxyrhynchus

letter |102 pages

P

entry |1 pages

P

entry |2 pages

Pachomius

entry |1 pages

Paganism

entry |2 pages

Palladium

entry |1 pages

Palm Sunday

entry |2 pages

Palmyra

entry |1 pages

Pan

entry |2 pages

Panathenaia

entry |2 pages

Pandora

entry |2 pages

Pantheon

entry |1 pages

Papacy: See Church of Rome

entry |1 pages

Paphos

entry |2 pages

Papyrus Westcar

entry |1 pages

Parables

entry |2 pages

Paraclete

entry |1 pages

Parilia

entry |2 pages

Parthenon

entry |2 pages

Passion Narratives

entry |1 pages

Passover: See Pesach

entry |1 pages

Pastoral Epistles

entry |2 pages

Patriarch

entry |3 pages

Paul

entry |2 pages

Paul, Influence of

entry |1 pages

Paul and Thecla, Acts of

entry |2 pages

Pausanias

entry |2 pages

Pax Deorum

entry |1 pages

Pe'ah

entry |2 pages

Peak Sanctuaries

entry |1 pages

Pelagia

entry |2 pages

Pelagius

entry |1 pages

Penates

entry |2 pages

Pentapolis

entry |1 pages

Peplos

entry |2 pages

Peregrinus Proteus

entry |1 pages

Perpetua

entry |2 pages

Persephone

entry |1 pages

Persepolis

entry |2 pages

Persia

entry |2 pages

Personification

entry |2 pages

Pesach

entry |1 pages

Pesher

entry |1 pages

Pesiqta de Rav Kahana

entry |2 pages

Peter

entry |2 pages

Peter, Epistles of

entry |1 pages

Petronilla

entry |2 pages

Pharaoh

entry |2 pages

Pharisees

entry |2 pages

Phiale

entry |1 pages

Philae

entry |1 pages

Philemon

entry |2 pages

Philip, Gospel of

entry |1 pages

Philippians, Epistle to the

entry |2 pages

Philo of Alexandria

entry |2 pages

Philosophy

entry |2 pages

Phoebus

entry |2 pages

Phoenicia

entry |1 pages

Phratry

entry |1 pages

Piacenza Liver

entry |2 pages

Pietas

entry |1 pages

Pilgrimage

entry |2 pages

Egypt

entry |1 pages

Judea

entry |2 pages

Greece

entry |2 pages

Christianity

entry |2 pages

Pillar Figurines

entry |1 pages

Pirqe de Rabbi Eliezer

entry |2 pages

Pistis

entry |1 pages

Piyyut

entry |2 pages

Plato

entry |2 pages

Pliny the Younger

entry |1 pages

Plotinus

entry |2 pages

Plutarch

entry |1 pages

Pneuma

entry |3 pages

Polis Religion

entry |4 pages

Pollution, Ritual

entry |1 pages

Polycarp of Smyrna

entry |2 pages

Pomerium

entry |1 pages

Pompa

entry |2 pages

Pontifex

entry |1 pages

Pontifex Maximus

entry |2 pages

Pontius Pilate

entry |1 pages

Porphyry

entry |2 pages

Poseidon

entry |2 pages

Possession

entry |1 pages

Potiphar

entry |1 pages

Potnia Theron

entry |1 pages

Potter's Oracle

entry |1 pages

Praeneste

entry |1 pages

Prayer

entry |2 pages

Sources

entry |3 pages

Basic Types and Rhetoric

entry |2 pages

Occasions for Prayer

entry |2 pages

Basic Structures and Features of Prayers

entry |2 pages

Prayers of Complaint

entry |1 pages

Prayer of Joseph

entry |1 pages

Prayer of Manasseh

entry |1 pages

Presbyter

entry |1 pages

Priest

entry |1 pages

Mesopotamia

entry |2 pages

Greek

entry |2 pages

Roman

entry |1 pages

Judean

entry |1 pages

Christian

entry |3 pages

Priestess

entry |1 pages

Priestly Vestments

entry |2 pages

Priscillianism

entry |1 pages

Proba, Faltonia

entry |2 pages

Proclus

entry |1 pages

Procopius

entry |2 pages

Prodigy

entry |2 pages

Prometheus

entry |1 pages

Pronaos

entry |3 pages

Prophets and Prophecy

entry |2 pages

Prostitution, Sacred

entry |1 pages

Protevangelium of James

entry |2 pages

Proverbs

entry |1 pages

Prudentius

entry |1 pages

Psalms of Solomon

entry |1 pages

Psalms, Book of

entry |2 pages

Pseudepigrapha

entry |1 pages

Pseudo-Clementines

entry |2 pages

Pseudo–Greek Poets

entry |1 pages

Pseudo-Hecataeus

entry |1 pages

Pseudo-Methodius

entry |2 pages

Pseudo-Philo

entry |1 pages

Pseudo-Phocylides

entry |2 pages

Psyche

entry |1 pages

Ptah

entry |3 pages

Ptolemaic Kingdom

entry |2 pages

Ptolemy (Gnostic)

entry |1 pages

Pumbedita

entry |4 pages

Purification Rituals

entry |1 pages

Purim

entry |1 pages

Purity

entry |2 pages

Theoretical Background

entry |4 pages

Purity Terminology

entry |2 pages

Social Implications of Purity

entry |2 pages

Pylon

entry |2 pages

Pyramid

entry |1 pages

Pyramid Texts

entry |2 pages

Pythagoras

entry |3 pages

Pythia

letter |8 pages

Q

entry |2 pages

Q

entry |1 pages

Qadarites

entry |1 pages

Qadeshim

entry |2 pages

Qadi

entry |1 pages

Qilir, Eleazar Birabi

entry |1 pages

Qitmit

entry |1 pages

Qos: See Edom

entry |1 pages

Quartodecimans

entry |2 pages

Questions of Ezra

entry |1 pages

Quindecemviri Sacris Faciundis

entry |1 pages

Quirinus

entry |2 pages

Qumran

entry |1 pages

Quraysh

entry |3 pages

Qurʾan

letter |28 pages

R

entry |1 pages

Rabbah

entry |3 pages

Rabbi

entry |2 pages

Rabbinic Theology

entry |1 pages

Rachel

entry |3 pages

Rakkab-EL

entry |1 pages

Ramadan

entry |2 pages

Ras Shamra: See Ugarit

entry |2 pages

Rashidun

entry |1 pages

Rava

entry |1 pages

Ravina

entry |3 pages

Re

entry |1 pages

Rebekah

entry |1 pages

Rechabites, History of THE

entry |1 pages

Relic

entry |2 pages

Religio

entry |1 pages

Reliquary

entry |2 pages

Renenutet

entry |1 pages

Rephaʾim

entry |2 pages

Reshep

entry |2 pages

Resurrection

entry |2 pages

Reuben

entry |1 pages

Revelation of Ezra

entry |3 pages

Revelation of John

entry |1 pages

Rex Sacrorum

entry |1 pages

Rhyton Sanctuary

entry |1 pages

Ridda

entry |1 pages

Rimmon

entry |2 pages

Risala of Al-Shafiʿi

entry |2 pages

Rites of Passage

entry |4 pages

Ritual

entry |1 pages

Roma

entry |2 pages

Romans, Epistle to the

entry |2 pages

Rome

entry |2 pages

Romulus

entry |1 pages

Rosetta Stone

entry |2 pages

Rosh Hashanah

entry |1 pages

Rosh Hodesh

entry |1 pages

Ruth

entry |2 pages

Rylands Papyrus

letter |92 pages

S

entry |1 pages

Sabazios

entry |2 pages

Sabbath

entry |2 pages

Sabbatical Year

entry |1 pages

Sabellianism

entry |2 pages

Sacerdos

entry |1 pages

Sacra Publica

entry |1 pages

Sacrament

entry |2 pages

Sacrifice

entry |1 pages

History of Research

entry |2 pages

Functions

entry |2 pages

Addressees

entry |3 pages

Animal Sacrifice

entry |1 pages

Libations and Fumigations

entry |2 pages

Other Sacrifices

entry |1 pages

The End of Sacrifice

entry |2 pages

Sadducees

entry |1 pages

Sages of Mehweret

entry |2 pages

Sah

entry |1 pages

ST. Paul, Basilica of

entry |1 pages

ST. Peter, Basilica of

entry |1 pages

Salat

entry |1 pages

Salih

entry |1 pages

Salome

entry |3 pages

Salvation

entry |1 pages

Samaria

entry |1 pages

Samaritan Pentateuch

entry |2 pages

Samaritans

entry |2 pages

Samothrace

entry |1 pages

Samson

entry |2 pages

Samuel

entry |1 pages

San Lorenzo Fuori Le Mura, Basilica of

entry |2 pages

Sanctuary

entry |1 pages

Egypt

entry |2 pages

Ancient Greece

entry |1 pages

Etruria and Rome

entry |2 pages

Judaism, Christianity and Islam

entry |2 pages

Sanhedrin

entry |1 pages

Saqqara

entry |2 pages

Sarah

entry |2 pages

Sarapis

entry |1 pages

Sarcophagus

entry |1 pages

Sardis

entry |2 pages

Sasanian

entry |1 pages

Satan

entry |1 pages

Satanic Verses

entry |1 pages

Satis

entry |1 pages

Saturnalia

entry |2 pages

Satyr

entry |1 pages

Savior: See Soter

entry |1 pages

Sawm

entry |1 pages

Scapegoat

entry |1 pages

Scarab

entry |2 pages

Scillium, Martyrs of

entry |1 pages

Scythopolis

entry |3 pages

Sea Peoples

entry |1 pages

Seal of the Prophets

entry |2 pages

Second Sophistic

entry |2 pages

Second Temple

entry |1 pages

Sed Festival

entry |1 pages

Seer: See Prophet and Prophecy

entry |1 pages

Sekhem

entry |1 pages

Sekhmet

entry |2 pages

Selkhet

entry |1 pages

Seneca

entry |1 pages

Sepphoris

entry |1 pages

Septuagint

entry |2 pages

Seth

entry |1 pages

Sethianism: See Gnosticism

entry |1 pages

Seven Sleepers of Ephesos

entry |3 pages

Sexuality

entry |1 pages

Shai

entry |2 pages

Shamash

entry |2 pages

Shammai

entry |1 pages

Shangu

entry |2 pages

Shapsh

entry |1 pages

Shariʿa

entry |2 pages

Shatammu

entry |1 pages

Shavuot

entry |2 pages

Shechem

entry |1 pages

Shema

entry |2 pages

Shemini Atzeret

entry |1 pages

Shenoute

entry |2 pages

Sheʾol

entry |1 pages

Shepherd of Hermas

entry |2 pages

Shiʿi

entry |1 pages

Shiʿur Qomah

entry |2 pages

Shofar

entry |1 pages

Shu

entry |1 pages

Shuʿayb

entry |1 pages

Shuʿubiyya

entry |2 pages

Sibyl

entry |1 pages

Sibylline Books

entry |2 pages

Sibylline Oracles

entry |1 pages

Sicarii

entry |2 pages

Sifra

entry |1 pages

Sifre Deuteronomy

entry |1 pages

Sifre Numbers

entry |2 pages

Silvester

entry |1 pages

Simeon

entry |1 pages

Simeon ben Lakish, Rabbi

entry |2 pages

Simeon Stylites

entry |1 pages

Simon Magus

entry |4 pages

Sin

entry |2 pages

Sîn

entry |2 pages

Sin Offering

entry |1 pages

Sinai

entry |2 pages

Sinai, MT

entry |1 pages

Sinuhe

entry |1 pages

Sippar

entry |1 pages

Sira of Ibn Ishaq

entry |1 pages

Sistrum

entry |2 pages

Siwa

entry |1 pages

Snake Gods

entry |2 pages

Snakes

entry |1 pages

Sobek

entry |2 pages

Socrates

entry |1 pages

Sokar

entry |2 pages

Sol

entry |1 pages

Solar Boat

entry |2 pages

Solomon

entry |2 pages

Solon

entry |1 pages

Son of God

entry |2 pages

Son of Man

entry |1 pages

Song of Songs

entry |2 pages

Sophia

entry |2 pages

Sophists

entry |1 pages

Sophokles

entry |1 pages

Sortes

entry |1 pages

Sotah

entry |2 pages

Soter

entry |2 pages

Sphinx

entry |1 pages

Standing Stone: See massevot

entry |1 pages

Stephen

entry |2 pages

Stoicism

entry |1 pages

Stylites

entry |2 pages

Sukkot

entry |1 pages

Sulis Minerva

entry |2 pages

Sumer

entry |1 pages

Sunna

entry |2 pages

Sunni

entry |1 pages

Suovetaurilia

entry |4 pages

Superstition

entry |1 pages

Supplicatio

entry |1 pages

Sura

entry |1 pages

Susanna

entry |1 pages

Symmachus

entry |1 pages

Sʾyn

entry |3 pages

Synagogue

entry |2 pages

Syncretism

entry |1 pages

Synoptic Problem

entry |2 pages

Syriac

letter |54 pages

T

entry |2 pages

Taʿanach

entry |2 pages

Tabernacle

entry |2 pages

Tablet of Destinies

entry |1 pages

Tacitus

entry |2 pages

Tafsir

entry |2 pages

Taimaʾ

entry |1 pages

Tale of the Eloquent Peasant

entry |2 pages

Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor

entry |1 pages

Tale of Two Brothers

entry |2 pages

Talisman: See Amulet

entry |2 pages

Tallit

entry |2 pages

Talmud

entry |1 pages

Tammuz: See Dumuzi

entry |1 pages

Tamarisk

entry |2 pages

Tanhuma

entry |1 pages

Tanit

entry |2 pages

Tanna

entry |1 pages

Tansar

entry |1 pages

Tarfon, Rabbi

entry |2 pages

Targum

entry |2 pages

Tarsos

entry |1 pages

Tartaros

entry |1 pages

Tatian

entry |2 pages

Taurobolium

entry |2 pages

Tauroctony

entry |1 pages

Tawaret

entry |1 pages

Teacher of Righteousness

entry |2 pages

Tefillin

entry |2 pages

Tel Dan

entry |1 pages

Temenos

entry |2 pages

Temple

entry |1 pages

The Ancient Near East

entry |2 pages

Egypt

entry |2 pages

Judean

entry |3 pages

Greece

entry |2 pages

Rome

entry |2 pages

Christianity and Temples

entry |1 pages

Tent of Meeting

entry |1 pages

Teraphim

entry |1 pages

Tertullian

entry |1 pages

Testament of Adam

entry |1 pages

Testament of Job

entry |1 pages

Testament of Moses

entry |1 pages

Testaments of the Three Patriarchs

entry |1 pages

Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs

entry |2 pages

Tetragrammaton

entry |1 pages

Thanksgiving Scroll

entry |1 pages

Thebes

entry |1 pages

Thecla

entry |2 pages

Theodicy

entry |2 pages

Theodore of Mopsuestia

entry |1 pages

Theodoret

entry |2 pages

Theodoric

entry |1 pages

Theodosian Code

entry |2 pages

Theodosius I

entry |1 pages

Theodotus

entry |2 pages

Theogony

entry |2 pages

Theophilos of Antioch

entry |1 pages

Theotokos

entry |1 pages

Therapeutae

entry |1 pages

Theseus

entry |1 pages

Thesmophoria

entry |1 pages

Thessalonians, Epistles to

entry |1 pages

Thetis

entry |2 pages

Theudas

entry |2 pages

Theurgy

entry |2 pages

Thiasos

entry |1 pages

Thomas

entry |1 pages

Thomas, Gospel of

entry |2 pages

Thoth

entry |1 pages

Thunder, Perfect Mind

entry |1 pages

Tiamat

entry |2 pages

Tiberias

entry |1 pages

Tinia

entry |2 pages

Tisha B'Av

entry |1 pages

Tithes

entry |1 pages

Titulus

entry |1 pages

Tobiad

entry |1 pages

Tobit

entry |2 pages

Tophet

entry |2 pages

Torah

entry |2 pages

Tosefta

entry |1 pages

Tower of Babel

entry |1 pages

Tree of Life

entry |1 pages

Trinity

entry |2 pages

Tripod

entry |1 pages

Triumph

entry |2 pages

Troy

entry |1 pages

True Cross

entry |1 pages

Tu B'Shevat

entry |1 pages

Twelve Tribes

entry |3 pages

Two Ladies

entry |2 pages

Tyche

letter |12 pages

U

entry |2 pages

Ugarit

entry |1 pages

ʿUlamaʾ

entry |1 pages

ʿUmar b. AL-Khattab

entry |1 pages

Umayyads

entry |5 pages

Underworld

entry |1 pages

Uni

entry |2 pages

Ur

entry |1 pages

Uraeus

entry |2 pages

Urartu

entry |2 pages

Urim and Thummim

entry |2 pages

Uruk

entry |1 pages

ʿUthman b. ʿAffan

entry |2 pages

ʿUthmanic Recension

letter |16 pages

V

entry |2 pages

Valentinians

entry |1 pages

Valerius Maximus

entry |1 pages

Valley of the Kings

entry |2 pages

Varro, Marcus Terentius

entry |1 pages

Vatican

entry |1 pages

Vegetarianism

entry |2 pages

Venus

entry |1 pages

Ver Sacrum

entry |1 pages

Vergil

entry |1 pages

Vesta

entry |2 pages

Vestal Virgins

entry |2 pages

Villa of the Mysteries

entry |2 pages

Virginity

entry |2 pages

Virtus

entry |1 pages

Visions

entry |1 pages

Vitium

entry |4 pages

Voces Magicae: See Magic

entry |3 pages

Votive Offering

entry |2 pages

Vow

entry |2 pages

Vulgate

letter |14 pages

W

entry |2 pages

Wadd

entry |1 pages

Wadjet

entry |2 pages

War Scroll

entry |1 pages

Warrior God

entry |2 pages

Weather God

entry |1 pages

Wennefer

entry |2 pages

Wisdom Literature

entry |2 pages

Wisdom of Solomon

entry |4 pages

Witchcraft

entry |1 pages

Women

entry |5 pages

Women's Religious Practices: An Overview

entry |2 pages

Women as Cult Leaders

letter |1 pages

X

entry |1 pages

Xoanon

letter |5 pages

Y

entry |1 pages

Yamm

entry |2 pages

Yannai

entry |1 pages

Yathrib: See Medina

entry |1 pages

Yavneh

entry |2 pages

Yeshiva

entry |1 pages

YHWH

entry |1 pages

YHWH's Anointed

entry |2 pages

Yohanan, Rabbi

entry |1 pages

Yom Kippur

letter |8 pages

Z

entry |1 pages

Zadok

entry |2 pages

Zakat

entry |1 pages

Zealots

entry |2 pages

Zechariah

entry |1 pages

Zephaniah

entry |1 pages

Zephaniah, Apocalypse of

entry |2 pages

Zerubbabel, Book of

entry |2 pages

Zeus

entry |1 pages

Ziggurat

entry |3 pages

Zion

entry |2 pages

Zoroastrianism