ABSTRACT

Incorporating cultural and religious contexts, this unique Encyclopedia provides a vital guide to the main concepts and thinkers in Asian philosophy - starting with Abhidharma and ending with Zurvan.
The main philosophical trends and thinkers in each geographical area are featured, with an emphasis on endtemporary developments and movements. The A-Z structured encyclopedia emphasizes that Asian philosophy is not merely an ancient form of thought but that it is a living philosophy, with roots in the past, and also a potent and animate presence today. This translates into the reciprocal exchange of theories between Eastern and Western thinking, for example of new schools of thought such as orientalism. Requiring no prior knowledge of philosophy, religion or Asian cultures, this book is essential reading for students, teachers and the interested individual who wishes to gain an understanding of the philosophical basis to Asian cultural systems.

letter |57 pages

A

entry |2 pages

Abhidharma

entry |5 pages

Abhinavagupta

entry |1 pages

Abortion, infanticide and murder in Chinese philosophy

entry |1 pages

Accident

entry |1 pages

Action and agency, Brahminical Hindu ideas

entry |1 pages

Action and knowledge in Chinese philosophy

entry |1 pages

Active intellect

entry |1 pages

Acts of omission

entry |2 pages

Advaita (non-dualist) Vedanta, post-Shankara

entry |1 pages

Aesthetics, Chinese: beauty

entry |1 pages

Aesthetics, Chinese: landscape art

entry |1 pages

Aesthetics, Chinese: mountains and waters

entry |4 pages

Aesthetics, Indian theories of

entry |1 pages

Aesthetics in Islamic philosophy

entry |6 pages

Aesthetics in Japan, post-Meiji

entry |1 pages

Afterlife, Chinese: hell

entry |1 pages

Afterlife, Chinese: hungry ghosts

entry |1 pages

Afterlife, Chinese: hunpo

entry |1 pages

Afterlife, Chinese: immortals

entry |1 pages

Afterlife, Chinese: inferno

entry |1 pages

Afterlife, Chinese: kuishen

entry |1 pages

Afterlife, Chinese: purgatory

entry |1 pages

Afterlife, Chinese: wandering ghosts

entry |1 pages

Afterlife in Chinese thought

entry |1 pages

Afterlife in Islamic philosophy

entry |1 pages

Agrarianism

entry |1 pages

Ahimsa

entry |1 pages

Ajivikas

entry |1 pages

Akasha

entry |1 pages

Alaya-vijnana

entry |2 pages

Anatta

entry |1 pages

Animals

entry |1 pages

Apoha

entry |1 pages

Arya Samaj

entry |1 pages

Asatkaryavada

entry |1 pages

Ash′ariyya and Mu′tazila

entry |1 pages

Atheism, modern Chinese

entry |1 pages

Atman

entry |1 pages

Atomism and occasionalism

entry |1 pages

Aurobindo

entry |12 pages

Australian philosophy

entry |1 pages

Averroism

entry |1 pages

Avidya

entry |1 pages

Awakening of Faith in Mahayana

letter |40 pages

B

entry |2 pages

Baizhang

entry |1 pages

Barbarians

entry |1 pages

Beidu

entry |1 pages

Beyond the square

entry |2 pages

Bhagavad Gita

entry |2 pages

Bhartrihari

entry |1 pages

Bhaskara

entry |1 pages

Bo Yi and Shu Qi

entry |1 pages

Bodhichitta

entry |1 pages

Bodhidharma

entry |1 pages

Bodhisattva

entry |1 pages

Bodies, problems with

entry |1 pages

Body

entry |1 pages

Body, Shadow, and Soul

entry |1 pages

Body and soul in pre-Buddhist China

entry |1 pages

Brahma-Sutras

entry |1 pages

Brahmo Samaj

entry |1 pages

Buddha-nature, theory of

entry |1 pages

Buddhism, Chinese hermeneutics

entry |2 pages

Buddhism, Korean

entry |1 pages

Buddhism, late Ming

entry |1 pages

Buddhism in China, origins and development

entry |11 pages

Buddhist philosophy in Japan

entry |6 pages

Buddhist philosophy in Japan, post-Meiji

entry |1 pages

Buddhist scholasticism

entry |1 pages

Buddhist thought, late Qing

entry |1 pages

Buton Rinchen Drup

letter |59 pages

C

entry |2 pages

Caste

entry |1 pages

Category

entry |1 pages

Causality, theory of

entry |1 pages

Causality in Islamic philosophy

entry |1 pages

Cause, condition and effect

entry |1 pages

Chang Taiyan

entry |1 pages

Chaos

entry |1 pages

Chapa Chokyi Senge

entry |2 pages

Character

entry |1 pages

Character, left and right

entry |1 pages

Characterology and the occult

entry |1 pages

Charity

entry |1 pages

Charvaka

entry |1 pages

Chastity

entry |1 pages

Child

entry |1 pages

China, Middle Kingdom

entry |3 pages

Chinese philosophy

entry |1 pages

Chinese philosophy, pre-modern and Marxist

entry |1 pages

Chinul

entry |1 pages

Chiyou

entry |1 pages

Ch'oe Han-ki

entry |1 pages

Chong Che-du

entry |1 pages

Chong Yag-yong (Tasan)

entry |5 pages

Christianity, Korean

entry |1 pages

Christianity in China

entry |1 pages

Chu Si-kyong

entry |2 pages

Chuch'e philosophy

entry |1 pages

Chunqiu and Lushi Chunqiu

entry |1 pages

Civil religion

entry |1 pages

Classics and Books

entry |1 pages

Cognition, sevenfold typology of

entry |1 pages

Cognitive error, classical Indian theories

entry |1 pages

Common sense

entry |1 pages

Comparative philosophy, Chinese

entry |2 pages

Comparative philosophy, Japanese

entry |1 pages

Confession

entry |2 pages

Confucian spirituality

entry |6 pages

Confucianism in Japan

entry |2 pages

Confucianism in Japan, post-Meiji

entry |2 pages

Confucianism in Korea

entry |1 pages

Confucius and Confucianism

entry |1 pages

Conscience

entry |1 pages

Conventional existence

entry |2 pages

Correlative thinking

entry |1 pages

Cosmology: creation

entry |1 pages

Cosmology: the flood

entry |1 pages

Cosmology: myths of sun, moon and star

entry |3 pages

Courage

entry |1 pages

Creation and redemption, Nestorian

entry |1 pages

Critique of ‘autonomous syllogism'

entry |1 pages

Cynicism in Late Dynastic China

letter |22 pages

D

entry |2 pages

Dai Zhen

entry |1 pages

Dao

entry |1 pages

Dao as nameless

entry |1 pages

Daodejing

entry |2 pages

Daoism in Korea

entry |1 pages

Daosheng

entry |1 pages

Darshana

entry |1 pages

Deference

entry |2 pages

Demons in Zoroastrianism

entry |1 pages

Dependent origination in Tibetan philosophy

entry |1 pages

Designation, theory of

entry |1 pages

Dhammapada

entry |2 pages

Dharma

entry |1 pages

Dharma-Shastra

entry |1 pages

Dharmakirti

entry |1 pages

Dharmapala

entry |1 pages

Diagram of the Great Ultimate

entry |3 pages

Dignaga

entry |1 pages

Divination

entry |1 pages

Dolpopa Sherap Gyaltsen

entry |1 pages

Dong Zhongshu

entry |1 pages

Dragon

entry |2 pages

Dream and illusion

entry |1 pages

Dream of the Red Chamber

entry |2 pages

Dvaita

entry |1 pages

Dzokchen thought

letter |12 pages

E

entry |3 pages

Education in China, philosophy of

entry |1 pages

Emptiness

entry |1 pages

Enlightenment, Korean

entry |1 pages

Enlightenment, sudden

entry |2 pages

Enlightenment experience and religious biography

entry |1 pages

Ether

entry |2 pages

Ethics in Islamic philosophy

entry |2 pages

Ethics in Korean philosophy

entry |1 pages

European Enlightenment and China

entry |1 pages

Expediency

letter |23 pages

F

entry |1 pages

Face

entry |2 pages

Faith

entry |1 pages

Faith and Buddhism

entry |1 pages

Faith versus reason in Islamic philosophy

entry |1 pages

Falsafa

entry |1 pages

Fan Zhen

entry |1 pages

Al-Farabi

entry |1 pages

Fatalism in Chinese philosophy

entry |1 pages

Fatalism in Indian philosophy

entry |1 pages

Filial piety

entry |2 pages

Five Elements

entry |1 pages

Folk Chan

entry |1 pages

Forgiveness and grace

entry |1 pages

Foundational consciousness

entry |1 pages

Four Germs

entry |2 pages

Four Noble Truths

entry |1 pages

Free will

entry |1 pages

Freedom

entry |1 pages

Friendship

entry |1 pages

Friendship in Islamic philosophy

entry |1 pages

Frugality

entry |2 pages

Fukuzawa Yukichi

entry |1 pages

Fundamental innate mind

entry |1 pages

Funerals

letter |14 pages

G

entry |1 pages

Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand

entry |2 pages

Gaozi

entry |1 pages

Gaudapada

entry |1 pages

Geluk school

entry |1 pages

Gendun Chophel

entry |2 pages

Geomancy

entry |1 pages

Al-Ghazali

entry |1 pages

Gnosticism

entry |3 pages

Grammar and the philosophy of language in India

entry |1 pages

Great Learning

entry |1 pages

Guan Yu

entry |1 pages

Guan Zhong

entry |1 pages

Gyaltsap Dharma Rinchen

letter |18 pages

H

entry |1 pages

Han Fei

entry |1 pages

Han and Hanunim

entry |1 pages

Han Learning

entry |1 pages

Han Yu

entry |1 pages

Haofang

entry |1 pages

Harmony

entry |1 pages

Harmony in the round

entry |1 pages

Heaven

entry |1 pages

Heaven, former and later

entry |1 pages

Hermeneutics

entry |1 pages

Hidden and manifest

entry |2 pages

Hikma

entry |3 pages

Hinayana (Lesser Vehicle) Buddhism

entry |1 pages

Historiography

entry |1 pages

History, Chinese theories of

entry |1 pages

History, concept of

entry |1 pages

History, sense of

entry |1 pages

Hong Xiuquan

entry |1 pages

Huainanzi

entry |1 pages

Huineng

entry |1 pages

Human feelings, Confucian

entry |1 pages

Humaneness

entry |1 pages

Hypocrisy

letter |24 pages

I

entry |2 pages

Ibn al-'Arabi

entry |1 pages

Ibn Khaldun

entry |1 pages

Ibn Rushd

entry |2 pages

Ibn Sab'in

entry |2 pages

Ibn Sina

entry |1 pages

Iconoclasts

entry |1 pages

Idealism, Chinese

entry |1 pages

Idols and anti-idolatry

entry |1 pages

Ikhwan al-Safa'

entry |1 pages

Illuminationist philosophy

entry |1 pages

Imaginai realm

entry |2 pages

Imagination and creativity

entry |1 pages

Immortality in Chinese philosophy

entry |1 pages

Indian philosophy

entry |1 pages

Innate apprehensions

entry |1 pages

Inner Classic of the Yellow Emperor

entry |1 pages

Inner peace

entry |1 pages

Inoue Tetsujiro

entry |1 pages

Iqbal, Muhammad

entry |1 pages

Islamic philosophy

entry |1 pages

Islamic science, distinctiveness of

entry |2 pages

Ismaili philosophy

letter |12 pages

J

entry |3 pages

Jainism

entry |1 pages

Japanese philosophy

entry |7 pages

Japanese philosophy, post-Meiji

entry |1 pages

Jia Yi

entry |1 pages

Jizang

entry |1 pages

Jonang school

letter |26 pages

K

entry |1 pages

Kagyu school

entry |1 pages

Kang Yuwei

entry |1 pages

Karma

entry |1 pages

Karma, Chinese

entry |1 pages

Kawakami Hajime

entry |1 pages

Keyi Buddhism

entry |1 pages

Kim Ok-kyun

entry |1 pages

Koan

entry |7 pages

Kokugaku

entry |3 pages

Kokutai ideology since Meiji times

entry |1 pages

Korean philosophy

entry |3 pages

Korean philosophy, contemporary

entry |1 pages

Kotoku Shusui

entry |2 pages

Kumarila Bhatta

entry |3 pages

Kyoto school

letter |23 pages

L

entry |1 pages

Lakshana

entry |2 pages

Language, Chinese philosophy of

entry |1 pages

Language, Islamic philosophy of

entry |2 pages

Laozi

entry |1 pages

Lateral and Longitudinal Alliance, School of

entry |1 pages

Law, natural

entry |2 pages

Legalism

entry |1 pages

Li Ao

entry |1 pages

Li as morality

entry |1 pages

Li as principle

entry |1 pages

Liang Fa

entry |1 pages

Liang Qichao

entry |1 pages

Liang Souji

entry |1 pages

Liberalism in China

entry |1 pages

Life and death, Chinese philosophy of

entry |1 pages

Logic

entry |1 pages

Logic in Chinese philosophy: Buddhist logic

entry |1 pages

Logic in Chinese philosophy: compound thinking

entry |1 pages

Logic in Chinese philosophy: paradox

entry |1 pages

Logic in Chinese philosophy: ‘separating hard and white'

entry |1 pages

Logic in Chinese philosophy: a white horse is not a horse

entry |2 pages

Logic and Islamic philosophy

entry |2 pages

Logic in Japanese philosophy, post-Meiji

entry |1 pages

Longchen Rabjampa

entry |1 pages

Love in Chinese philosophy

entry |1 pages

Luo Qing

letter |36 pages

M

entry |1 pages

Madhva

entry |2 pages

Madhyamaka Buddhism

entry |1 pages

Madhyamaka and thesislessness

entry |1 pages

Magic squares

entry |1 pages

Mahamudra

entry |1 pages

Mahasamghika

entry |2 pages

Mahayana Buddhism

entry |3 pages

Mahayana: the Sinitic schools

entry |1 pages

Mandana Mishra

entry |1 pages

Mao Zedong

entry |1 pages

Materialism

entry |1 pages

Mazu Daoyi

entry |3 pages

Meaning

entry |3 pages

Meditation

entry |1 pages

Meiroku zasshi

entry |5 pages

Melanesia, philosophy in

entry |1 pages

Mencius

entry |1 pages

Mencius's mother

entry |1 pages

Mental perception

entry |1 pages

Miki Kiyoshi

entry |1 pages

Mohism: moral logic

entry |1 pages

Monism

entry |1 pages

Moral failure

entry |1 pages

Motivation

entry |1 pages

Mozi

entry |1 pages

Mulla Sadra

entry |1 pages

Music

entry |1 pages

Mysticism

entry |1 pages

Myth of Laozi

letter |42 pages

N

entry |3 pages

Nagarjuna

entry |1 pages

Name and reality

entry |2 pages

Navya-Nyaya

entry |1 pages

Negation, double negative

entry |1 pages

Negation, forms of

entry |1 pages

Negation, identifying its object

entry |3 pages

Neo-Confucianism, concepts

entry |1 pages

Neo-Confucianism, history

entry |2 pages

Neo-Daoism

entry |1 pages

Neo-Mohists

entry |4 pages

New religions in Korea

entry |1 pages

New Zealand philosophy

entry |1 pages

Ngok Loden Sherap

entry |3 pages

Nirukta

entry |1 pages

Nirvana

entry |1 pages

Nirvana School of Chinese Buddhism

entry |3 pages

Nishi Amane

entry |2 pages

Nishida Kitaro

entry |2 pages

Nishimura Shigeki

entry |1 pages

Noble Eightfold Path

entry |1 pages

Nominalism and realism, universals

entry |1 pages

Nominalism and realism: abstract, abstraction

entry |1 pages

No-self

entry |1 pages

No-thought/no-mind

entry |2 pages

Non-being (wu)

entry |1 pages

Non-dualism

entry |1 pages

Nothingness

entry |1 pages

Numerology

entry |1 pages

Nursi, Said

entry |3 pages

Nyaya

entry |1 pages

Nyingma school

letter |6 pages

O

entry |1 pages

One, Guarding the

entry |2 pages

One Thread, The

entry |2 pages

Onishi Hajime

entry |1 pages

Orientalism

entry |1 pages

Orientalism: existential anxiety

entry |1 pages

Orientalism: origin of Chinese culture

entry |1 pages

Orientalism: rational West, aesthetic East

entry |1 pages

Ox-head School

letter |31 pages

P

entry |2 pages

Padartha

entry |1 pages

Pak Un-sik

entry |1 pages

Pali Canon

entry |3 pages

Perception, Indian theories of

entry |1 pages

Perennial philosophy

entry |1 pages

Perfect man, the

entry |1 pages

Perfection

entry |1 pages

Persons (theory of)

entry |1 pages

Philosophical dictionaries and Japanese philosophy

entry |4 pages

Philosophy of human rights, Japanese

entry |1 pages

Philosophy and religion in China

entry |1 pages

Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch

entry |1 pages

Pleasure

entry |1 pages

Prabhakara Mishra

entry |1 pages

Prajna schools

entry |2 pages

Pramana

entry |1 pages

Pratitya-samutpada

entry |1 pages

Pratyabhijna

entry |1 pages

Primitivism

entry |6 pages

Puranas

entry |1 pages

Purushartha

entry |2 pages

Purva Mimamsa

letter |2 pages

Q

entry |2 pages

Qi

letter |18 pages

R

entry |2 pages

Radhakrishnan, Sarvepalli

entry |1 pages

Ramakantha

entry |1 pages

Ramakrishna

entry |4 pages

Ramanuja

entry |2 pages

Rammohan Roy

entry |1 pages

Recluse and kings

entry |1 pages

Recluse in Islam

entry |1 pages

Relative and absolute

entry |1 pages

Religious Daoism

entry |1 pages

Return to the root

entry |1 pages

Reversal

entry |3 pages

Revival of Islam, theories of

entry |1 pages

Revolution and reform

entry |1 pages

Ricci, Matteo

entry |1 pages

Righteousness

entry |1 pages

Rites

entry |1 pages

Rites and the rites controversy

letter |57 pages

S

entry |1 pages

Sage

entry |1 pages

Sage-king

entry |1 pages

Samanadhikaranya

entry |1 pages

Samkhya

entry |1 pages

Samnyasa

entry |1 pages

Samsara

entry |1 pages

Samsara in China

entry |4 pages

Sanskrit epics

entry |1 pages

Sarvastivada

entry |1 pages

Satkaryavada

entry |1 pages

Satyam jnanam anantam brahma

entry |2 pages

Sautrantika

entry |1 pages

Scholar

entry |1 pages

Self

entry |1 pages

Sengzhao

entry |1 pages

Sense perception

entry |2 pages

Shaiva Siddhanta

entry |1 pages

Shakya Chokden

entry |1 pages

Shakya Pandita

entry |1 pages

Shakya school

entry |1 pages

Shamanism in Korea

entry |1 pages

Shame and guilt

entry |4 pages

Shankara

entry |1 pages

Shantideva

entry |1 pages

Shao Yong

entry |2 pages

Shentong philosophy

entry |2 pages

Shingaku

entry |1 pages

Shinto

entry |2 pages

Shinto, Buddhist

entry |1 pages

Shinto, Confucian

entry |3 pages

Shri Harsha

entry |1 pages

Shruti

entry |1 pages

Shunyata

entry |1 pages

Siming Zhili

entry |1 pages

Simplicity

entry |1 pages

Sirhak

entry |2 pages

Song Xing

entry |3 pages

Space and time, Indian theories of

entry |4 pages

Space and time in Islamic philosophy

entry |1 pages

Spanda

entry |1 pages

Spiritual ladders

entry |2 pages

Subject and object

entry |1 pages

Substance and function

entry |1 pages

Suffering

entry |1 pages

Sufism

entry |1 pages

Al-Suhrawardi

entry |1 pages

Sun Yat-sen

entry |1 pages

Svayam prakasha

entry |1 pages

Synchronicity

letter |18 pages

T

entry |1 pages

Taiping

entry |1 pages

Taiwan

entry |1 pages

Taixu

entry |1 pages

Tan Sitong

entry |1 pages

Tan'gun mythology in Korean thought

entry |1 pages

Tantra

entry |1 pages

Tantra, kundalini

entry |1 pages

Tantrayana in China

entry |1 pages

Tao Qian

entry |1 pages

Taotie

entry |1 pages

Tat tvam asi

entry |1 pages

Tathagatagarbha

entry |1 pages

Theravada Buddhism

entry |1 pages

Things

entry |1 pages

Three Truths

entry |1 pages

Time and being

entry |1 pages

Totalism

entry |1 pages

Totemism

entry |1 pages

Trigger

entry |1 pages

Trika Shaivism

entry |1 pages

Trinity and triune

entry |1 pages

Truth as sincerity

entry |1 pages

Tsongkhapa

entry |1 pages

Tsuda Mamichi

entry |1 pages

Two truths

letter |7 pages

U

entry |2 pages

Uchimura Kanzo

entry |2 pages

Udayana

entry |1 pages

Uich'on

entry |1 pages

Uisang

entry |2 pages

Upanishads

letter |14 pages

V

entry |4 pages

Vaibhashika

entry |3 pages

Vaisheshika

entry |2 pages

Vasubandhu

entry |3 pages

Veda

entry |1 pages

Vedanta

entry |1 pages

Vimalakirti

entry |2 pages

Vishishtadvaita

entry |1 pages

Vivekananda

letter |8 pages

W

entry |1 pages

Wang Chong

entry |2 pages

Watsuji Tetsuro

entry |1 pages

Well-field system

entry |4 pages

Western learning in Japan

entry |1 pages

Wonhyo

entry |1 pages

Wuwei

letter |7 pages

X

entry |1 pages

Xenophobia

entry |1 pages

Xi Kang

entry |1 pages

Xie Lingyun

entry |1 pages

Xin

entry |1 pages

Xing

entry |1 pages

Xiong Shili

entry |2 pages

Xunzi

letter |13 pages

Y

entry |2 pages

Yamuna

entry |1 pages

Yan Fu

entry |1 pages

The Yellow Emperor

entry |1 pages

Yi Hang-no

entry |1 pages

Yi T'oegye

entry |2 pages

Yi Yulgok

entry |1 pages

Yijing

entry |1 pages

Yin-yang harmony

entry |1 pages

Yoga

entry |3 pages

Yogachara

entry |1 pages

Yu Hyong-won

letter |19 pages

Z

entry |5 pages

Zarathushtra

entry |1 pages

Zhang Zai

entry |1 pages

Zhang Zhidong

entry |1 pages

Zhengming

entry |1 pages

Zhi Dun

entry |1 pages

Zhou Yong

entry |1 pages

Zhu Xi

entry |1 pages

Zhuangzi

entry |1 pages

Zongmi

entry |4 pages

Zoroastrian philosophy in the Denkard

entry |3 pages

Zoroastrianism

entry |1 pages

Zou Yan

entry |1 pages

Zurvanism